A Phonetic Investigation And Study Of Neijiang Dialect

This article takes Shizhong District dialect and Dongxing District dialect of Neijiang City as the investigation object, takes words of Pronunciation Investigation Dictionary as basis words, uses field investigation, historical comparative linguistics, dialect contact theory, methods of statistics and dialect processing software, describes the pronunciation, rhyme and accent of Neijiang dialect in the round.By comparing the phonology of Beijing of diachronic and synchronic comparison with Guangyun,reveals the status and characteristic of Neijiang dialect.In the initial consonant system, there are25initial consonants in Neijiang dialect,which have four more "(?)",less "n"than Beijing initial consonant system.Classical voiced on sets are all devoiced, most of which follow the principle of level tone aspirates while oblique tone doesn’t aspirate. Ancient Jing group words pronounce "(?)"before Hong sound, while pronounce "(?)、(?)" before Xi sound. First-class and second-class words of Ni group pronounce "1" when being mixed with Lai Mu, the third-class and fouth-class words pronounce "(?); Ancient Jian group words pronounce "(?)" before Hong sound, while pronounce"(?)" before Xi sound; Blade-palatal of Zhi、Zhang、Zhuang initial consonant remains more complete, but the case that one word has a flat tone and rhotic tone occurs in Zhong and Qing phonetic accent, which distinguish from other accent characteristic of the southwest dialect. As same as in other southwest area, Xiao Mu words and Xia Mu words blend with Fei group words when being pronounced with He-Kou-Hu"u" rhyme.In the final sound system, there are37finals in Neijiang dialect, which have four more "(?) ue、iai",less five "(?)" than Beijing phonetic system."o" corresponds with"o、 γ、(?)" of Beijing phonetic system,"e"corresponds with "(?)" of Beijing phonetic system,"(?)" corresponds with "(?)" of Beijing phonetic system; The change between ancient final and modern final comports that the terminal sound of entering tone has disappear, transform to corresponding Yin rhyme, cauda of "m’"in Yang rhyme and some cauda of "rj" comport to cauda of "n" similar to vowel,which make Xian She become as same as Shan She, Zeng and Geng She become as same as Shen and Zhen She.In tone system, there are four tones in Neijiang dialect, the tone number is that Yinping is35, Yangping is31, Shang initial is41, Qu initial is312, which undulates little. The trend from ancient to modern is that ancient Qing initial consonant reads as Yinping, ancient Ping initial consonant reads as Yangping, ancient Shang initial consonant and second initial consonant read as Shang initial, ancient Ru initial rhymes disappear, most of which incorporate to Qu initial. So ancient Shang initial consonant, and ancient Qu initial and Ru initial words all read Qu initial in Neijiang dialect. Because of the wide source, Qu initial words have the maximum in Neijiang dialect.On the one hand, the appearance of Neijiang dialect exception words is caused by primary tone change, which means the exception changed by tone itself, the change is longitudinal, which contains several reasons:the first is the influence by sound symbols of font, the exception words are caused by usual words sound symbols gradient change; the second is ancient sound left it; the third is that accent changed in advance; the fourth is the difference of document; the fifth is the sound change of different accent system; the sixth is sound shift phenomenon; The seventh is caused by the difference of use frequency; the eighth is structure turning. On the other hand, different dialect contact and legacy produce convergence of voice, which causes the phonetics change has irregular change.Phonetics changes of Neijiang dialect contains bigram tone, er, literary and colloquial readings differently and alice tone words. Phonetics changes of two words group have the following rules:the first is phonetics changes to high and low level; the second is the position of heavy tone decides the form of phonetics; the third is the frequency of phonetics changes is high. The literal and colloquial reading differently phenomena reflect that the historical levels of phonetic system of Neijiang dialect, are mainly caused by the dialect contact. Zhi, Zhang and Zhuang group words still show two parts, but become the same gradually to Jing group. The old generation is stable cacuminal,young generation is transition period from cacuminal to flat tongue. Retroflexion in Neijiang dialect perform that most of the vowels can be Erhua which is universal.