The Pragmatic Study On The Address Expressions In"the Scholars"

Interpersonal appellation system is closely associated with human society, and it is the combination of rules and conventions, so it has great stability in a certain period. It is necessary to study the Chinese appellation system,in order to find the characteristics of the appellation words,and the national psychology and cultural connotation.The thesis is based on "The Scholars"(�'林外史) in Qing Dynasty, then gathers all the appellation as much as possible. The collected appellation words could be divided into four types, that is, personal pronouns, social relationship appellation words, imitating relative words, names. The study not only helps us understand the status and characteristics of the appellation words in Qing Dynasty, but also helps study the values of Han nationality, mental state and interpersonal relationships. There is significance in the aspects of lexicology, pragmatics and culture.After the study, we found that, personal pronouns focuses on "I, you", the two words used2385times and1962times respectively. The choice of personal pronouns is closely related to the status of both sides. The features of social relationship appellation words is hierarchical and the traditional ethical sense of official--standardized, people whose status is lower use officials appellation to address others, and use humble words to refer to themselves, level difference throughout the whole process. The imitating relative words often use "brother"(北)and "older brother"(兄) to refer to themselves and others. They seldom use names to call others.From the above analysis we can found that, contains The traditional culture "courtesy"(礼) and "respect"(敬) has obvious trace in the Interpersonal appellation system. Scholars are interested in the imperial examination, but the imperial examination system is decadent and backward, can’t cultivate talents, the scholars are all unlearned and idleness. The imperial examination system is coming to the end. In this period, the status of women is very low, they have no right and freedom.