The Late Qing Dynasty Shaanxi Province.with Disasters And Social Studies

The floods and droughts in Shaanxi province in the late Qing Dynasty occurred very frequently, and brought great disaster to the public. This paper was based on broadening historical data, recounted the floods and droughts in Shaanxi province in the late Qing Dynasty, and reached a new conclusion. At the same time, the mechanisms of response to disasters changed dramatically.In this period,as the traditional Chinese form of relief,"Famine Relief" is still the leading force in the Disaster Relief.However,the principal of response to disasters has showed diversification.The folk factor played an important role during this period. In addition,the effectiveness evaluation of response was less in the existing research.Therefore, on the basis of discussion corresponding disaster mechanism,this paper assessed the the effectiveness of response.and then analyzed the social factors which affectting the effectiveness of response.The specific structure of this paper was as follows:The introduction briefly introduced the topic selection, scope definition, the present research achievements about the academic field, and the fundamental ideas, contents and methods.Chapter1recounted the floods and droughts in Shaanxi province in the late Qing Dynasty.The result showed there were256droughts and52floods.in addition,the aticle analysed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of floods and droughts.Chapter2from4aspects to discusses the impact of floods and droughts in the late Qing Dynasty in Shaanxi province,such as disasters and population movements,disasters and socio-economic,Disasters and social order,Disasters and socio-cultural.Chapter3discussed the official and unofficial measures of response to disasters."Famine Relief" was still the leading force of the Disaster Relief.Because of the decline of national power, the central government allocated was declined, the assistance across regions and relief donations were improved in the material level configuration. The function of the folk factor was increased In Disaster Relief.The cardinal manifestation mode were as follows:"inter-provincial Charity" from Jiangnan gentry and merchants,"Community Relief" from local squire,"cross-border relief" from foreign missionaries.Chapter4assessed the effectiveness of response.and then analyzed the social factors which affectting the effectiveness of response. The analysis shows there are four main factors:First is political darkness;Second,the imperfect hardware system of disaster response;Thired, unscientific measures to respond to disasters;Fourth, the empty national treasury and barren civilian population.