| In1974,Baddeley proposed the three-component-model of working memory.Visuo-Spatial Memory is an important part of working Memory, which is a short-termstorage systems , mainly responsible for producing, operating and storing visualinformation. Visuo-Spatial Memory includes several aspects: perceptual organization,scanning, coding, storage, inhibiting irrelevant or interferential information, andkeeping attention to perceptua task. There may be differences between individual onsuch those aspects. The existing researchesw from the aspects such as gender, age tostudy the individual differences of Visuo-Spatial Memory ,and in this study we usedthe change-detection paradigm to research the individual differences of cognitive styleof brain mechanism by the event related potential technology from the behavior andERP respectively.This study includes two researches, each two experiments. In experiment ofresearch one: if there was any differences between Field Dependence individuals andField Independence individuals from the behavior at different memory load, delaycondition levels in the object of memory task by 2×2×3 mixed experiment design.The independent variable for cognitive style (field dependent; field independence),load (low; high) and delay (short; middle; long); cognitive style is between-subjectvariables, load and delay within-subject variables, and the dependent variable wasthe accuracy of reaction. In experiment two we researched whether there weredifferences in different memory loads off dependent-field test in the objectindependent model working memory task of brain electrical index from brainmechanism level. It was designed by 2×2 , and the independent variable is cognitivestyle (field dependent; field independence), load (low; high). The dependent variablewas wave peak of P300 , latent period and average volatility of SP. Researches twoused the same experiment design to investigate the differences between FieldDependence individuals and Field Independence individuals in spatial workingmemory task from the behavior and ERP. Main conclusions are as follows:1. In object working memory tasks, the accuracy of low load task was higher than thehigh load accuracy. when time delay conditions was changed, memory performanceof Field Dependence changed more, and the accuracy of delay conditions wassignificantly higher than short delay conditions and long delay conditions.2. Ihe object working memory of high loads, the central brain area reflects the psychological resources significantly below the two sides of the brain; Differentindividual cognitive style in processing speed on the object did not differsignificantly.3. In object working memory of low load tasks, the volatility of Field Independenceindividuals in the coding phase field test for object Changes obviously; themaintenance stage of Field Dependence was effected more obviously, and used morepsychological resources to keep object working memory.4. In spatial working memory, the accuracy of low load task was higher than highload,and short delay in accuracy was higher than middle and long delay.5.In spatial working memory, Field Dependence individuals in the high load task usedmore psychological resources than Field Independence individuals; In themaintenance stage of low load, Field Dependence individuals showed bigger SPamplitude in top-in occipital area, and in different time window have significantdifference in volatility SP; In the maintenance stage of high load, Field Dependenceindividuals activated more brain regions, and at the late stage of maintenance, therange of the wave in Field Dependence individuals was bigger. Although FieldDependence individuals put more psychological resources and activate more brainregions, the performance remains significantly below the Field Independenceindividuals, so it was suggested that the neural processing efficiency has moreadvantages of individual information processing Field Independence individuals. |
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