Shaanxi Jingbian-yanshuiguang Pipeline Five Zhuangguo Liang Site Early Longshan Era Bones And The Related Research Of Archaeology

As the geographical location of the Wuzhuangguoliang site, as well as the mode of burial of the humans belonging to the early Longshan age is special, the study of the racial type of the human skeletons and the nature of the pit will help us gain a more in-depth understanding of the people’s physical characteristics and their social living conditions.This paper uses the methods of morphological observation and measurements to reveal the physical characteristics of the human bones belonging to the early Longshan age. The appraisal of sex and age, the skeletal pathology and trauma, the estimation of stature and racial type were determined. On the basis of the research on physical anthropology and related archaeological background information, the paper has given some reasonable inferences and interpretations on the nature of ash-pit AH1and the cause of death of the deceased who buried in the ash-pit, and we reached the following two most important conclusions:Firstly, in the race classification, the ancient inhabitants of Wuzhuangguoliang site are most close to the modern East Asian Mongoloid type, followed by the Northeast Asian Mongoloid Type and South Asian Mongoloid Type. Compared with some modern Asian Mongoloid Groups, these residents are also closest to the modern North China Group and the South China Group representing the modern East Asian Mongoloid Type, followed closely by the Inuit Group and Chukchi (Riverside) Group representing the Northeast Asian Mongoloid Type. Comparied with some Neolithic groups, Wuzhuangguoliang group is close to the Xixiahou Group, the Liuwanhebing Group and the Yuchisi Group, followed by the Jiangjialiang Group. The comparitive results with the Bronze to the Iron Age Groups indicates that the Wuzhuangguoliang Group is most close to the Liangdaicun Group and the Shenmuxinhua Group, followed by the Shangma Group, the Wayaogou Group and the Lijiashan Group. It can be seen that the physical characteristics of the ancient inhabitants of Wuzhuangguoliang site are most close to the modern East Asia Mongolian Type. There are some differences with the Yangshaohebing Group, the Miaodigou Group, and the Taosi Group which belong to the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Secondly, according to the research on related archaeological data, associated animal bones, the human burial postures, no signs of trauma and other factors, we conclude that the ash-pit AH1of Wuzhuangguoliang site is likely a sacrificial pit, and the22bodies in the ash-pit may be the human sacrifices.