Later Wittgenstein Thought Uncertainty Analysis

The theme of this paper is on certainty thought from Wittgenstein’s old age, which is mainly expounded in his book:On Certainty. At the same time, the paper attempts to comprehend the certainty by integrating Wittgenstein’s other thoughts with some philosophers’ theories. The paper includes Introduction, Text, and Ending.The introduction mainly discusses the intention of the paper, the writing thinking, the research methods, the present research situation and the representative viewpoints in researching the certainty problem from home and abroad. The text comprises three parts.The first concerns Wittgenstein on processing of the skepticism problem. In the part, the paper summarizes the main point of views, which are criticized and suspected in his book:On Certainty, and sorting out the theoretical points of Wittgenstein refuting skepticism, simultaneously, providing a comparison about the skeptical problem to process between Wittgenstein and Descartes. Then, the paper also discusses Moore’s defending to common sense, as well as Wittgenstein’s criticising to Moore’s idea of certainty.The second attempts to sum up kinds of certainty features from the messy original work:On Certainty, and from the positive side, to sketch the appearance of the certainty thought in Wittgenstein’s later years. Firstly, to elaborate the ultimate certainty of differing from knowledge; secondly, to discuss its effect "framework" or "foundation" in language-game, but this effect is the state of silence and beyond words. In addition, certainty is, by Wittgenstein, regarded as the world-picture of the language community, meanwhile, pointing out the way that we gain the picture of the world is direct believing, which excludes any suspicion.The third is the gain and loss of the aged Wittgenstein’s certainty thought. In this point, the part chooses three more influencing views to analyse. The first is that certainty is the extrinsic foundation of language-game, the paper not supporting the view, and giving some refutation consulting other researchers’ opinions. The second is that certainty is considered as the transcendental possibility of language-game, which the paper also doesn’t agree with and refuted. The last is that certainty is taken as the hypothetical formal needs of language-game, about this view, this paper gives more agreements and some addition by referring to Wittgenstein’s book: Philosophical Investigations.In the ending, from the view of the history of philosophy, this paper briefly makes some comments on Wittgenstein’s thought of certainty combing with the tone of Wittgenstein’s therapeutical philosophy.