The Late Qing And Early Republic Jiangsu Elementary Education Research

This paper is the monographic study of elementary education in Jiangsu province from late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In this period, modern Chinese education got preliminary development, gradually from the traditional to the modern, from the close to the open. The elementary education heads from the traditional to the modem in the transition with difficulty. Compatriots’self-esteem were upset and irritated by the failure of Sino-Japanese war of1894-1895and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Making elementary education universal and enhancing national quality were placed on the order of the day. So the elementary education emerged and developed as the times demand. One of the so-called institutes in Nanyang public school, which was divided into four, established by Cheng Xuanhuai in1897, was actually elementary school, which is the father of public primary school in China now. It not only uncovered the prelude of modem elementary education in Jiangsu province, but also of modern Chinese elementary education. With the promulgation of the modern school system and the setting of modern primary educational institutes, modern primary school began to rise and got preliminary development. Elementary education in Jiangsu province from late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China was among the best of the successful candidates, which due to its first establishment of primary school and big investment from the government and other organizations. At present, historians have got significant achievements in the research in Jiangsu education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China, but they have to make further research referring to Jiangsu elementary education in this period. On the basis of the previous research achievements, the paper made a systematic analyze on the Jiangsu elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China, by gathering extensively various materials from all kinds of newspapers, magazines and local files, illustrating objectively the shortages in Jiangsu elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China and setting forth its enlightenments to the current elementary education. Such as the follows:The first chapter presents the social backgrounds of the emergence and development of elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the republic of China. It could be said that Sino-Japanese war was the catalyst of the development of modern elementary education. After the war, compatriots realized the necessity of enhancing the national quality and the importance of improving elementary education. The improvement of the elementary education was benefited from the promulgation of the modern school system and the setting of modern primary educational institutes.The second chapter gives a brief account of the initiation of Jiangsu elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. The actual situation of Jiangsu elementary education was reflected by the initiation, development and teaching of it.The third chapter analyzes the characteristic of elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. Paying great attention to moral education and manual education, expanding teachers and great supporting by educational organization spurred the initiation and development of Jiangsu elementary education from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China.The fourth chapter illustrated objectively the shortages and especially its inspiration to current elementary education.In short, elementary education in Jiangsu province from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China was among the best of the successful candidates and the shortages are inevitable during its development, however, there is much in both its distinguishing feature and its deficiency that we can make use of while developing current primary education in China.