The Practice Path Of Marx’s View Of Human Rights And It’s Enlightenments

With the progress of the times, people pay more and more attention to the problem of "human", of which the issue of human rights has been became the hot spot in the contemporary theoretical research. However, different scholars have always been have a different understanding to "human rights" and make the concept of "human rights" blurry, caused people’s thought chaos."The human rights originate from human nature. The human’s natural attributes and social attribute are two unified and indivisible aspects of human’s nature."①Therefore, to scientific understanding of the human rights, we must reveal the relation between natural attributes and social attribute correctly and make the human rights based on scientific human essence theory. All the time, the western theories of human rights respectively from the rational path and perceptual path to expounds the human nature, and make the human rights establish on the abstract assumption of human nature, thus it is not scientific. The distinct characteristics of rational path in human rights research is that the nature of human be defined as the rational, will, and the human has human rights by the rational. The distinct characteristics of perceptual path in human rights research is that human nature has been defined as human’s natural instincts, people pursues their own rights by the drive of natural instincts. The western theorists of human rights explored the human’s nature from rational or perceptual path,based human rights on abstract assumption of human nature, and the subject and content of human rights which based on the mistake assumption of human nature are unscientific, false.Human is the unity of rational and perceptual, whatever from the rational path or perceptual path only can’t really reveals the essence of human, only through the united path between rational and perceptual respect to reveals the essence of human. And the "practice" that as the bridge of the rational and perceptual provide us a scientific path to fully disclose the nature of the human. Marx is the first theorist reveals the complete essence of human through practical path and to interpreted human rights scientific. This article will comb the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights, correct the western scholars’misreading from the abstract assumptions of human rights, broke through the domestic scholars’limitations that only pay attention to the humanistic foundation of Marx’s view of human rights,put Marx’s prescriptive theory of "human" into the source of human rights, the contents of human rights,the features of human rights, emphasize the human caring that Marx’s view of human rights. The first part of this article mainly introduces the rational path and the perceptual path of western research of human rights, points out its unscientific nature that human rights been based on the abstract assumption of human nature. The second part of this article mainly introduces the theoretical origin and developmental stage of the practice path in Marx’s view of human rights, combine Marx’s discussion to practice and research on human rights and divide the development of the practice path in Marx’s view of human rights into four stages, namely theory of human rights under the practical theory of critical theory, theory of human rights under the practical theory of political criticism, theory of human rights under the practical theory of alienated labor, theory of human rights under the theory of scientific practice, so it can more clearly describe the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights. The third part of this article explore the basic connotation the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights, and reveals the basic point,the starting point, the essence features and the valuable orientation of the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights. The fourth part of this article explores the enlightenments of the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights, it gets three enlightenments through the analysis and research to the practice path of Marx’s view of human rights, namely the contemporary construction of Chinese human rights must highlight the importance of "practice", the contemporary construction of Chinese human rights must focus on people’s practical essence and the balance in the development of global human rights shall be based on the realistic human.