Historical Evolution Of The World System And The Modes Of The Rise Of Great Powers

The center-periphery order between countries is the outcome of the expanding of the closed hierarchical order in the domestic society. The spatial condition of security dilemma eventually leading to the war is the center-periphery structure. Therefore, when the structure of the world system has a multi-center-no-periphery change, the two processes within security dilemma-spiral process and war trigger process separate. Under the security dilemma with never collapsing spiral model, the emerging powers peacefully rise.In the history of the evolution of the world system, the national system’s structure and the international system’s structure continually interact, that ultimately makes multi-center-no-periphery phenomenon appear in both domestic and international levels. In this process, the mode of the rise of western countries is form the city-state mode, colony mode, to the one of technology, equal trading and self-strengthen through uniting; the eastern countries is form unified and closing mode to opening up mode with internal regions’ rising. From the view of the rising mechanism, the Western mode changes from the self-weaken mechanism to the unified mechanism and finally integrates regions to a larger country; the order of the mechanism changes of the eastern countries is to reunify the country to a big country in the absolute sense, then, the self-improvement mechanism, and finally the combination of mechanisms of self-improvement and self-weak. The order difference of the mechanisms between western and eastern countries, is clearly distinguishing western modes of great powers from eastern ones.The technology and trade mode of the west is of great significance especially for the countries with stable boundary to continually break the limits of self-development. Time channel of powers’ rising makes the traditional Chinese self-improvement mechanism an advantage in an interdependent world that it can enhance its sensitivity at the same time maintains its vulnerability at a low level. China, Russia and the United States have a self-sufficient capacity, which the traditional western powers do not have. The integration in Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa and other regional integration movement is to make up for their shortcomings in self-sufficiency. When emerging countries actively integrate into the open society, the challenge of the rising of great powers is transferred to how to get relatively closed boundaries for self protection and others’specific support in crisis.As the east and the west learn from each other, the regionalization is further recovery by the deepening of globalization-western regional integration and the rise of China’s internal areas. With the changes of the spatial order-periphery disappearing, the rise of great powers requires an integration of self-improvement and self-weak mechanisms, which means opening up and enhancing self-sufficiency are combined. There may be a new style of the rise of great powers in the future, but it should have a common feature: some integration of closeness and openness. Through different combination of self-improvement and self-weak mechanisms, to reduce the negative effects of the mechanisms, countries can peacefully achieve and maintain their power.