Study On The Political Elites Evolution In China Post-Reform

Doctrine of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato’s philosopher-king, or the Chinese Confucian respected the realm of the "Internal Saints and External Kings", shows that the elitism exerted a profound influence in the Chinese and foreign community.Even after1949,China’s economic and social development is still dominated by the political elite.In the30years after the reform and opening up,"China Miracle"to great extent is also the results designed by high-level political elite top-level system. Promoting political reform has become a strong consensus of the official and unofficial,in the present.But that depends on the political elite.From an academic point of view,elite evolution is an important part of the elitism political research.This study deeply analyzes the China’s political elite, and reveal the logic behind the elite evolution.It can provide policy reference for promoting political restructuring and good-governance,at the same time, enrich the political transformation theory.This study focuses on the political elite in China after the reform and opening up in1978.Firstly, this study reviews the general theory of elite politics and mainland, Taiwan and overseas research on China’s political elite. Secondly, for the selection of leading cadres on "Red and Expert" issue,there are mainly three kinds of views:elite replace theory view is that the technocrats will replace the revolutionary cadres to become the future rulers,elite discrete theory is that the CCP elite discrete combination of the political elite and professional elite,namely present "bureaucratic politics-technology" binary form,elite Fusion Theory is that officials possesses the characteristics of political loyalty and professional skills.But these three theories can not reasonably explain the Chinese Communist Party’s political elite transformation logic, power and mechanisms of evolution.This study suggests that the organization is always in a certain environment.In the face of environmental and pressure to survive, the choice of the organization is bound to affect the members of the organization constituent features.Since the reform and opening up, in the selection of political elites in China focuses on three factors system legacy, organizational goals and power to maintain.Specifically, this study from the international and domestic environment and the background of the era, from the three dimensions system analysis the Deng Xiaoping era, the era of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao era leading cadres selection system.The study concluded that the leading cadres system construction is the basis and driving force of the evolution of China’s political elite system, but also determines the direction and process of the evolution of China’s political elite.Thus,this study makes a quantitative analysis.First,build a complete measurement index system, which as a political indicators to Party Age duties origin, as professional qualifications, professional experience of studying indicators, as an individual basic characteristics of indicators by age, sex, place of origin and the nation as elitesource indicators.Secondly, random sampling of Chinese ministerial-level political elite from the reform and opening up to the2008, collecte elite resume in detail,establish the political elite database finally.The statistical results show,firstly,in the overall evolution trend,national goals since the Deng Xiaoping era adjusted from the "class struggle"to the "one central task and two basic points"1980s that started the construction of a series of cadre system, including age, education, tenure,working experience, the culture of ethnic minority cadres, women cadres and "red" and "expert" has comprehensive provisions.Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao,on the basis of inheriting former system construction achievements, perfected the age configuration level promotion,leadership, party and government cadres, tenure system of time limit and so on.Secondly,on individual characteristics, longitudinal, Shows a trend of younger significantly;from East China, North China and other economic development area accounted for a large proportion of the elite;The political elite of the party affairs department was significantly increased and maintained at more than60%;bachelor or above degree increase in the proportion of elite,diversified disciplines and overseas background trend is obvious;women, minorities are still relatively low proportion of elite. The overall structure of the political elite shows a younger, professional, knowledgeable and political weakening trend in evidence.Thirdly,horizontal comparison found,compared with the party department, government departments elite shows the phenomenon of younger, multi-ethnic background,political relative weakening.This research draws three important conclusions:after the reform and opening up, China’s political elite selection system has obvious inheritance;Since1978,a series of systems(succession in echelon,abolition of life tenure,Cadres "four modernizations", and so on) designed to promote the institutionalization of the process of the evolution of China’s political elite.Predictably, the institutionalization will continue.Between the party and government departments,Chinese government departments as a window responds to changes in the external environment,attracts more members of the nature, at the same time, improves the national political level to ensure the legality of the ruling party as well as governance effectiveness by government departments.