| High-jump is an item in track and field sports, which requires complex skills, while at the same time, is a very popular item. It has been one of the most influential items in all kinds of sports contests. Because of its challenging skill and popularity among people, high-jump has become a hot topic in research. Our country was once outstanding in this field. Early in1957, Zheng Fengrong broke the world record at1.77m with the Eastern layout skill. Later on, we had other excellent high-jumpers like Zheng Dazhen, Jin Ling. The present national and Asian record is still1.97m set by Jin Ling in1989. But in the following years, no progress has been made, and situations even became worse. A variety of reasons exists, such as the lack of backups, the incompleteness of the cultivation system, the backwardness of training concepts etc. At the same time, the key skill detail and the body energy reserve are also important factors, since reasonable and effective skill can probe into and fulfill body potential in a better way, and hence good achievements in contests. Therefore, every skill detail is important to make the whole high-jump process coherent and smooth. The steps in high-jump include run-up, take-off, soaring and landing, with take-off as the key component and the connection of run-up and take-off as the difficulty. This research takes the first8female high-jumpers in the11th national sports meeting as the subject, and studies the run-up and take-off skills with literature examination, photographing, picture analyzing and mathematic statistics as the main methods. With related parameters, the study tries to show the run-up and take-off technique features of our outstanding high-jumpers, so as to provide reference for both trainers and trainees, and finally to make the high-jump training operate in a more scientific way. The study shows:1. The tempo of run-up plays an important role in achieving a good result in take-off. Both subjective and objective factors can influence the run-up tempo. The former includes the high-jumper’s psychological quality and sports stamina; the latter includes the weather condition and the mood of the audience.2. As for the last step but one, there is a great difference in the inner angle and run-up angle between our subjects and the world famous high-jumpers. For our athletes, the inner angle at the moment the swinging leg touches the ground tends to be larger while the one at the moment the leg leaves the ground tends to be smaller.3. The angle between legs at the moment of take-off is smaller than the one between swinging legs at the moment they leave the ground.4. The distance between the point the swinging leg touches the ground for the last time and the point there the body gravity projects is reasonable. And an obvious relationship exists between this distance and the loss of speed at the moment the high-jumper lands on the ground.5. The height of the body gravity at the moment of take-off is higher than the one at the moment the swinging legs make the largest buffer. This can help to increase the vertical speed and improve the result of take-off.6. The center of both arms’ swinging at the moment of take-off is higher than the head, but the height of the swinging arms and the upper vertical speed of swinging are not related. The average swinging speeds of both the supporting side and the swinging side are slower than the one shown in the J. DAPENA research.7. The supporting from legs for the take-off is comparatively good. At the moment of pressing and then leaving the ground, the angle of the knees hasn’t been fully stretched.8. The time span between the landing moment and the largest buffer point is0.08s-0.14s, which is longer than the time span of world famous high-jumpers.9. The average vertical speed is far smaller than that of the world famous high-jumpers.10. Compared with the world famous high-jumpers, there is still great distance in the body gravity height at the moment the take-off finishes. 11. There is a great influence of the height where back style high-jumpers brake their swinging legs on the final achievement.Based on the above research, the study puts forward the following corresponding strategies and suggestions for the training of excellent female high-jumpers in our country.1. Great focus should be put on the training to coordinate the run-up and the take-off.2. The tempo of run-up is an important factor in the back style high-jump. Excellent female high-jumpers should form their own tempo according to their own conditions. In daily training, they should make conscious efforts to judge speed and adjust speed to increase their perception of muscle movement and speed, and further to form a good run-up tempo.3. The stretching force of the three lower joints at the moment the body leaves the ground should be strengthened. At the same time, training of pliability of each joint should be taken into consideration.4. More attention should be paid to train the muscles of the take-off leg, so that high-jumpers can naturally apply proper buffer technique during the fast run-up stage and the take-off stage to decrease the impact from the ground, avoid the over-curving of the take-off leg joints, make good preparation for the following stretching, make full use of the acquired run-up speed and improve the take-off effect.5. Great detail should be paid to the swinging skill and the coordination of swinging and stretching.6. Though there is some difference between our athletes and world famous athletes in some aspects, we still should know our own advantages. What we should do is to find out our peculiarity and cultivate our own style according to our own conditions. Therefore, in the training, we should learn from other’s strong points and make up our own deficiencies to improve the overall competitive ability. |
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