| With the arrival of aging society, the effect of elderly population on the society and economy becomes more and more obvious. Public service for the elderly people is becoming more and more rare and useful. Under the background of strengthening the construction of people’s livelihood and constantly perfect public service system of our government, the research that how the change of the elderly population influence the public service of aged and find out the right direction for constructing the system of the aged public service is very realistic and meaningful.Based on the summary of the progress of the results and current study on elderly population’s change and related public service, the essay uses the literature research method, demographic analysis, GIS space analysis as the main research method, and summarizes the new features of the change of the elderly population in the new period of Shanghai, and choose the public service resources that closely related to the elderly population such as the public finance, health care, pension service, and identify the situation that is not coordinate based on the comparative study between supply and demand. On this basis, the essay combines the theory about supply of public goods and the new public service, exploring the changes and the path of the supply mechanism of aging-related public services.The main research conclusion of this paper is as follows:Firstly, growth in the number of elderly population and aging in its structure have been not only putting greater pressure on public finance and relevant old-caring public services, but also challenging the public service system that faced to the whole people. With the rapid growth of the number of aging people and the trend in aging, pension subsidies and health care expenses occupy a large percentage and expected to be larger in the future. The supply of old-caring services faces greater pressure. On the one hand, the percentage of the aging that willing to dwell in old-caring institutions is more than3%. On the other hand, the demand on the quality of old-caring service for the elder at home becomes more and higher than before. As the aging people’s demand on health care services is much higher than other people, the gap undoubtedly squeezes the using of other people, and distribution between different generations need to adjust.Secondly, the migration and changing demand of aging population ask for the government to offer diversified and multilevel public service, building a demand-oriented supply system. The changes in regional distribution and demands of the aging face a structural contradiction with the former supply system of public services. In the aspect of regional distribution, suburbanization of aging population mismatches with the concentration of excellent medical resources in central city; suburbanization of nursing resources mismatches with demands of the aging in inner city areas; regional distribution of old-caring institutions in some counties is not coordinate with regional distribution of elderly people in a certain degree. As for the demand structure, there is a structural contradiction between old-age care institutions and the real needs, which is mainly reflected in the unreasonable systematic structure of old-caring institutions. Security-beds and special beds for the disabled elderly are short of supply. This structural contradiction remarkably decreases the effective supply of public services, resulting in a waste of resources, which prompted the government to improve the supply structure and to offer more diversified and multilevel public services based on the demand structure of aging people.Thirdly, difference between the place of residence and the place of household registration decreases the accuracy of allocation of public resources. The government has to construct a new supply system based on the people living here instead of based on household registration system, Routine data usually includes those registered while not living here and excludes those living here while not registered, thus distorting the data information about the elderly in this particular area. Allocation of public resources based on the mistaken data easily leads to a deviation from the real needs, resulting in lower accuracy and efficiency. With more and more flowing population and widespread of the difference between the place of residence and the place of household registration in aging population, the supply system based on household registration system cannot meet perfectly with the real needs. As a result, the government has to build a cooperative supply system between areas and to gradually realize localized supply.This paper is distinguished by using the data of census in2010compared with the date of census in2000to analyze the change in aging population in Shanghai; analyzing the consequences of elderly population of the difference between the place of residence and the place of household registration in the supply of public services and the internal mechanism systematically, to enrich the little number of current research on this subject, and to break through the existing studies that comparing single argument, expecting to analyze the impact of elderly population changes on various aspects of public finance, health care, pension services systematically. |
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