China's Endowment Insurance Population Variance Analysis And Countermeasure Research

The population aging is a global issue, both rich and poor countries have had toface the situation of increasing burden caused by it. According to the United Nations,Development of Economics and Social Affairs Population Division forecasts in2050,the population of those who are more than60years old in developed regions, lessdeveloped regions and the least developed regions each will be reached41605.5million159,218.8million and18,512.9million, and the worldwide median averageage will reach37.8years.China also has to face changes of population structure brought by the populationaging in the21st century. With the development of economy, the improvement ofpeople’s living standards and the access of available medical services, the average lifeexpectancy in China is also rising. Meanwhile, under the influence of the familyplanning policy, the birth rate maintains the downward trend, at a low level of11.9‰at recent years, causing population aging issue becoming more critical. Further more,under the influence of the family planning policy, the supply of working-agepopulation in the future will maintain at a low increasing rate for a certain period, andfinally it turns into the negative growth at a certain point. Therefore, a fair andsustainable pension insurance system becomes increasingly important for our country.But at this stage, the differences of status, urban-rural areas, jobs and regions create anegative impact on a fair supply of China’s pension insurer system, leading tosignificant differences among each groups of people.The innovation of this paper is under reading literatures, combining standardizedanalysis method with empirical analysis method that find the difference pensioninsurance system amount groups in our country is a multidimensional problem.Dividing population by identity and the urban-rural as the legacy of original systemhas been negative effect, while wage-gap and ability gap of getting resources amountdifferent industries have negative effect too. More, the unbalanced economicdevelopment of our country also has negative effect. By comparing the research findings, we found that the problems of identity and the urban-rural dual structure ofthe original system have been a serious impediment to the farmer floating populationinto the urban formal sectors, getting the same chance to share the pension insurancefor urban workers. Salary differences among different industries have causeddifferences in personal accounts of basic pension insurance. The staff in somemonopoly industries has an easier access to a better annual pension, as a supplementof pension insurance system, when compared to the staff of small and medium-sizedcompetitive industry. Regional difference in levels of economic development is a keyfactor leading to the differences in regional pension insurance. People of differentregions have different levels of the pension insurance, but this difference cancompensate by preferential policies. How to eliminate differences of pensioninsurance system generated by these factors, and establish an equal, fair, nationalpension insurance system have become an important direction for China’s futuredevelopment and reform of the pension insurance system.After the comparison of differences of the pension insurance groups in Germany,the United States and Japan, three countries have differences in pension insurancepopulation, and they take measures to expand the system coverage, integrate eachpension insurance system and establish a multi-pillar pension insurance system,which reduce the differences in pension insurance population. For China, the writerbelieve that on the basis of the elimination of negative impacts caused by differencesin urban-rural areas, jobs and regions negatively impact factors, the governmentgradually improves and integrates the existing public pension insurance system forurban workers, the basic pension insurance system and pension insurance system ofurban and rural residents, and meanwhile establishes a multi-pillar pension insurancesystem at a national level, the population differences in pension insurance system willbe ultimately reduced.