Studies On The Multy-pillar Pension Insurance System Of China’s Landless Peasants

Traditional domestic studies on landless peasant’s pension insurance focus on the perspective of social insurance and commercial insurance, or on certain aspects like the funding and supervising; the establishment of security levels; and the calculation of compensation for the land requisition, etc. With the trend of multi-pillar pension insurance reform as well as the integration development of social insurance and commercial insurance, this dissertation aims to study the multi-pillar pension insurance system of China’s landless peasants from a macro point of view, specifically, from the particularity of landless peasants and its causes, from the framework designing of landless peasant’s multi-pillar pension system and the guarantee and supporting measures for its operation.This dissertation is based on the following background. China has launched the urbanization process since the construction of the modern industrialization since1949. Along with the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, lots of agricultural lands have been expropriated continuously and a mass of farmers have been spun off from their lands. A special group of landless peasants comes into being. These farmers passively leave the lands, losing their basic subsistence and all the guarantees attached to the lands and have to face such pressures as survival, employment and pension. The uncertainty of future life and the risk of aging economic risks have been suddenly increased. So far, there is not a national policy to provide them with social insurance. However, other groups, like urban employees, public institution staff, rural residents and urban residents are all covered by the pension insurance system. Landless peasants find it unbearable for them to shoulder the huge survival and pension pressures, and their discontent is swelling. They are forced to protect their own rights so that mass incidents are triggered frequently due to the land acquisition.The dissertation is organized as follows:Introduction:This chapter presents the research issues. It clarifies the research background and its significance; sorts out and comments on the research status at home and abroad; states the research approaches, research ideas and the overall framework, and points out the innovation and its inadequacies.Chapter1:The basic theories of landless peasant’s pension insurance. Based on the land guarantee function of lands and the pension risk of aging, this chapter interpretes the basic theories of landless peasant’s pension insurance. It elaborates the function of the land and its importance to the farmers; defines the concept of landless peasants and compares it with farmers and migrant workers; analyzes the risk of aging, and the demand for pension insurance; expounds the basic theory of pension insurance and determines the theoretical basis of multi-pillar pension insurance system in this dissertation.Chapter2:International Comparison of the background of landless peasants and its resettlement policies. This chapter aims to sum up experience and lessons by historically analyzing the process and characteristics of China’s urbanization, the changes of China’s land acquisition policies and the evolution of the resettlement policies for landless peasants, and by comparing it with the emergement of landless peasants, the resettlement policies and pension insurance systems in the developed and developing countries.Chapter3:The particularity of China landless peasant’s pension problem and its actual measures of pension insurance. This chapter points out that the particularity of landless peasants’pension problems lies in the declining living standard, the weakening of the risk resist ability, the fading of traditional pension security function, as well as the aging of the population. It analyzes that the cause of all the problems involves the defects of land requisition system, government responsibilities misplacement of land expropriation, and the dual structure of urban and rural pension insurance, etc. It also elaborates the current measures for the landless peasant’s pension insurance and their shortcomings.Chapter4:The framework designing of multi-pillar pension insurance system for landless peasants in China. This chapter demonstrates the necessity to build up a multi-pillar pension insurance system for landless peasants, based on the analysis of the following aspects:the particularity of landless peasants, manifestation of the government responsibility, to meet the different security needs, to realize the risk sharing, to take advantage of the commercial insurance and non-economic factors. The three pillars of the pension insurance system includes the first pillar of the compulsory basic pension insurance, the second pillar of the mandatory professional pension, the third pillar of the voluntary personal savings. It elaborates orientation of each pillar and their relationship thoroughly, and designs the single premium and the operating mode of each pillar.Chapter5:The countermeasures for operating the landless peasant’s multi-pillar pension insurance system. This chapter discusses the guarantee measures to ensure the normal operation of the landless peasant’s multi-pillar pension insurance system from five aspects:designing scientific funding mechanisms, determining a reasonable security level, the coordinated development of each pillar, strengthening the management of privatization for personal accounts fund of the basic pension insurance, to expand the market of commercial pension insurance.Chapter6:The supporting countermeasures for operating the landless peasant’s multi-pillar pension insurance system in China. Based on China’s national situation, this chapter suggests the following supporting measures to create a favorable macroeconomic environment:to reform and improve the land administration system, to diversify the resettlement approaches, to strengthen the employment services, to converge with the relevant pension insurance system, to encourage family care for old age and provide non-payment pension insurance.Chapter7:The closing of the dissertation refines the essential conclusions of this study and blueprints future researches in this field.The innovation of this dissertation may include the following three aspects:First, the innovation of research perspective. The existing domestic researches on the pension insurance to the landless peasants mostly focus on one aspect, such as insurance models (etc, to advocate government or commercial pension insurance), fund raising and supervising, the establishment of the security level, and the calculation of compensation for the land requisition, etc. However there has appeared no systematic in-depth study. This dissertation combines the theories of social insurance, insurance and welfare economics to study the landless peasant’s pension insurance system, and establishes the framework of multi-pillar pension insurance system for landless peasants.Second, based on the particularity of the pension problems of the landless peasants and the basic theory of multi-pillar pension insurance, the dissertation has initially built the three pillars of the pension insurance system for landless peasants, and advanced the implementation to combine the mandatory professional pension and the voluntary personal savings in the second pillar and the third pillar of the pension insurance system as a supplement to the basic pension insurance. Building China’s landless peasants multi-pillar pension insurance system is the integration of the idea of pension insurance system proposed by the World Bank and the practical experience from foreign pension insurance placement of surplus labor in the process of urbanization, providing the ideas of solving the problem of landless peasant’s pension insurance in China. The building of this system combines the social insurance and commercial insurance to make full use of social resources and realize the.risk-sharing for the landless peasant pension insurance in the state, the collective, individual and land units, to improve the operating efficiency of the pension insurance system.Third, the dissertation proposes the perspective of keeping an eye on the social average salary and initially establishment the actuarial model of Basic Pension Insurance premiums. Although the pension insurance for urban workers in China has been implemented for nearly20years, the pension adjustment mechanism is not established so far. In summing up the rules of China’s urban workers pension insurance regulation, the dissertation applies the fundamental theory of the basic pension payment structure, and proposes that the basic pension insurance should keep an eye on the social average salary. At the same time, based on the characteristics of landless peasant’s pension insurance operation, it has established the actuarial model of Basic Pension Insurance premiums and provided the basis for a clear fiscal responsibility of the government.