Study On Farmer’s Market Risk Management Of Tonghe County In Heilongjiang Province

Agriculture is an intersect process of natural reproduction and economical reproduction, it will be influenced by natural factors, economical factors and social factors, such as climate, market, technology and policy, so agriculture is the classic high-risk industry. With the continuing of agriculture and rural reform process which mainly concern agricultural products market, market-mechanism increasingly play a leading role in agricultural resources allocation, agricultural risk has gradually became one of the most principal risk in agricultural business. This paper has analyzed the market risk recognition of Tonghe county, risk decision-making and risk management, and has stimulated the market risk decision-making behavior, has revealed the market risk decision-making mechanism, put forward the feasible and effective agricultural market risk management measures. The paper could provide the scientific basic market decision-making and risk management for the government, had the important practical significance.This paper made the farmer market risk as research target, has adopted the field methods, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and inductive constructed methods as the basic research methods, using the transaction costs theory, behavioral economics theory and the farmer’s economy theory. The main content has discussed the Tonghe county farmers market risk identification and statistics, market risk measurement and risk decision-making Target-MOTAD model and risk management measures as a forward. The main research conclusion is:(1) agricultural risk mainly involves the natural risk, market risk and policy risks, of which the natural risk mainly influences crop yields, market risk mainly affects agricultural prices, policy risk affects farmers benefit. The Tonghe county farmers haven’t found effective measures to solve the market risk.(2) Different worth of cultivated land scale farmers on different risk perception, worth of cultivated land many "the agricultural product market price fluctuations,""no stable sales channels","agricultural production material price change" and "agricultural policy would affect income level problem differences.(3) The Tonghe county market risk comes from agriculture characteristics, produce supply and demand factors, degree of organization of farmers and agricultural policy factors. The existence of the agricultural product market risk is universal, objectivity, and long-term. It will be effective that the market risk management measures need to base on the risk type and risk characteristics.(4)The Tonghe county reduce the market risk by increasing rice plant area and reducing the corn and soybean planting area, but now the land resource utilization and agricultural merger didn’t achieve the optimal statement, if the county take effective risk management countermeasures and will improve the land resources using efficience and farmer income level.(5) This paper put forward five countermeasures to the Tonghe county farmers market risk management ability problem:the first one is to enhance farmers market risk cognitive ability; the second one is to improve farmers risk decision-making ability; the third one is to speed up the popularization of agricultural technology improve ability; the forth one is to increase the investment and protection of rural industry; the fifth one is to promote agricultural reinsurance system.