| The national Tariff Commission was established in Nanjing National Government during the early period,which is inextricably linked with the the recovery of tariff autonomy. It is a specialized agency of the national tariff during Nanjing National Government. The national Tariff Commission belongs to the Ministry of Finance.Its institution is similar to the Tariff Commission of the United States.It is the central institution to establish and modify the tariff policy.Committee members are composed of personnel with professional knowledge. They are the human basis of the Commission.the functions of the national Tariff Commission can be divided into three parts: First, the prices of goods surveys and other survey work. Including the prices of goods survey, survey of Chinese and foreign origin of the goods packaging level supply situation, domestic and international financial, trade and industrial production statistics, domestic and foreign industry production survey. Second, the formulated of the tariff policy, establish and modify the Customs Tariff. Third, the study of international tariffs, MFN clauses of the Convention and the issue of reciprocity.The second point is the main functions of the national Tariff Commission.This paper is divided into four parts:the first part, the establishment of the national Tariff Commission.Through the analysis of the international situation at that time, obtained the realization of tariff autonomy is the background of the establishment of the Committee.The members of the Committee qualitative analysis to explore of these technocratic tariff policy, tariffs thinking and the development of the idea of the Customs Tariff. The second part, the national Tariff Commission survey of prices of goods and other related investigations. Detailed analysis of the prices of goods in Shanghai Bureau of Investigation workflow, explore the investigation process and significance of the purchase price. The price in a survey carried out by the Commission, the domestic and international financial, trade and industrial production statistics, the development of domestic industry specific survey, the basis and foundation of the formulation and revision of the national tariff.The third part, the development of the tariff policy, compile and modify the Customs Tariff. This is the core functions of the national Tariff Commission. The the national Tariff Commission from its inception played before the outbreak of war, the formulation of the Customs Tariff1929,1931,1933,1934import tariff, the export tariff Programme1935(not implemented). The author tries to tariff setting process context, detailed of each develop or modify the tariff process, the work to be carried out by the national Tariff Commission and the pressure faced. Explore the face of complex and volatile international situation in the1930s and the different demands of various pressure groups, the the national Tariff Commission is trying to use their professional background, according to a survey conducted by research, to develop in line with domestic political, economic, diplomatic situation tariff policy. Part IV consultations and negotiations on tariff concessions to participate in the international tariff rates. The national Tariff Commission functions that study of international conventions and reciprocity. This function is mainly reflected in the post-war Tariffs and Trade Agreement negotiations. It actually acts as a delegation from advisory bodies and think tanks, preparing data for tariff reduction negotiations to develop the principle of tariff concessions, concessions amplitude and approaches to countries want to tax cuts list of goods imported and domestic industrial development situation views, and gives hope that the countries in the heading of the tariff cuts. This article intends to use the information collected to analyze the background of the establishment of the national Tariff Commission, personnel structure and the three major functions. I hope to be able to describe its clear outline, show its true colors and give its proper historical position. At the same time, this article is not limited to discuss the single line of national Tariff Commission,but also hope that through the investigation of the national Tariff Commission to develop a tariff policy and tariff process, resolve the Nanjing National Government’s political, economic and diplomatic overall structure.Specific to the tariff policy, the strength of the industry and commerce of trade protectionism, revenue tariff requirements, political and diplomatic strength, through the study of these three interaction process, we can have a more specific understanding of the Nanjing National Government’s political, economic and foreign policies. |
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