The Reseaech Of Chinese Farmland Property System Based On New Institutional Economics Perspective

The research focused on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, in the perspective of New Institution Economy researched the China farmland property system since1949, summarized the process of institutional, analyzed the cause of the changes of institution, evaluated the change of institution performance.Since the founding of China, the farmland property system had experienced four periods. The first one is the land reform period (1949～1953), the feudal landlord ownership had been completely abolished, land ownership by farmers is established, farmer’s dreams for thousands of "land to the tiller" came true. The second one is the period of agricultural cooperation (1953～1958), land still belongs to all individuals, but management by collective unity. The third one is the people’s commune period (1958-1978), through the socialist transformation of agriculture production and people’s commune movement of farmland information, all the individual’s farm transformed to the people’s commune, the production team is the basic ownership. The fourth one is the period of the household contract responsibility system (1978-present), through the reform of land management system, the land ownership and the right to use collective land be separated, families can contract management now. Every period of farmland institution corresponded to different institution performance, including both the economy and the politics, my paper described these performance through theoretical analysis, statistical analysis, interviews forms and so on.History is related. Research and summary of the farmland property system change since the founding of China, is to take the system vicissitude theory perspective, re-examine the changes behind the motivation and power, and to summarize the success of Chinese farmland property system, the arrangement of the universal regularity. The change of farmland property right system all clear to us, innovation and design of any institution must also consider the political and economic factors, and examine problems in institution perspective; According to Chinese present agriculture foundation, household management is still the best group of our agricultural production organization form, intensive management is our country agricultural development trend, but now do not have the comprehensive promotion opportunity; Changes of the farmland property system has a obvious "path dependence" characteristic, go along with the original path of institutional change is a more easily way than others. In the next innovation design and practice, we should considered the "path dependence" effect.Since the founded of household contract responsibility system in1978, it was still on a more efficient changing way gradually. Today, it is still showing a strong vitality, continue to support the development of agriculture in China, and there is no need for the comprehensive innovation and improvement, there was not much way for choice of institutional change. But it can not cover up the problems, the current farmland property system and arrangement is not optimal institution. On the basis of collective ownership of farmland system, to stable contractual rights, broaden management right is the supporting ideas of this paper.Admittedly, farmland property system is very important for the development of agriculture, but only depend the farmland property change can not solve all the problems. Agriculture is system engineering, related to the basic situation, the international environment, national strategy, the natural environment, the level of technology and the other factors. This paper only studies the institution factors that promote or restrict the agricultural development, in order to ensure the reliability of the research, the results and recommendations are limited to these areas.