Ecological Vulnerability Research In Jilin Province Based On GIS

Ecological environment is an entirety which is consisted of all kinds of ecological system that is composed of the biotic community and non-biological natural factors. Ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development. The condition of the ecological environment really impact on the sustainable development of the regional society. In recent years, with the strengthening of research on global change impact effect, ecological environment vulnerability has become the hot spot of related research.Jilin province located in the middle of the Songliao plain. It has the superior natural conditions and abundant resources. However, because of the influence of human factors, Combined with natural environmental disasters, the ecological system suffered severe damage. So understanding the ecological vulnerability of Jilin province is of great significance to recognize the ecological environment quality of this region, rational utilization of land resources, formulate regional development strategy, and promote the sustainable development.The essay takes Jilin province as the research object. The map of each special indicators whose grid size is100m×100m is obtained by the relevant data and kriging interpolation method.The factor weights are determined by using principal component analysis method. Using the ecological vulnerability assessment model of multi-source spatial data overlay is established with the help of GIS to evaluate the ecological vulnerability of Jilin province. The main conclusions show as follows:(1)The ecological vulnerability in Jilin province has great difference. The maximum value of ecological vulnerability index is0.853981, the minimum value is0.0989159, and the mean value is0.524038. The ecological vulnerability condition belongs to strong state of moderate vulnerable. According to the related ecological vulnerability evaluation research, the ecological vulnerability degree of Jilin province has been divided into five levels:potential vulnerability, light vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, heavy vulnerability and extreme vulnerability.(2)From the general spatial distribution, the trend of ecological vulnerability distribution in Jilin province presents the gradual transition from east to west. And the western part is more fragile than the east. The ecological environment in the northeast is good. But because of the influence of human factors, the original ecological area also appears moderate and light vulnerability state. The soil structure of central parts is good, and the soil is fertile. Because of the long-term continuous cropping, the soil degenerates. And the cities expand fast at the same time, it produces a series problem of urban ecological environment. So the ecological environment of the central region is heavy and moderate vulnerability. In the western region, due to the climate, hydrology, human factors and so on, the problem of ecological environment is severe. So the ecological environment of western is mostly heavy and extreme vulnerability.(3)Through the analysis of internal differences of the regional, the ecological vulnerability of regions in Jilin province has significant differences. The average value between0.312154to0.666513. Ecological environment of Baicheng city is the most vulnerable. The ecological vulnerability is priority to heavy and extreme vulnerability. The land salinization and the human’s unreasonable utilization strength the ecological vulnerability. The degree of ecological vulnerability in Baishan city is minimum, which give priority to light vulnerability. Baishan city has superior natural conditions, but the ecologically vulnerable of its regions is significant difference. The trend presents the increasing transition to west and north in space. The ecological vulnerability degree of Songyuan, Siping and Changchun cities are mainly heavy vulnerability. Liaoyuan and Jilin cities are mainly moderate vulnerability. Tonghua city and Yanbian state are mainly light and moderate vulnerability. The difference of the natural environment conditions in the regions of Jilin province is obvious. The ecological vulnerable degree of some districts is higher. They are on the edge of ecological vulnerability. So we should strengthen the ecological balance and protect the ecological environment.(4)The inspection results of ecological vulnerability show that:the ecological vulnerability index and the maximum NDVI present simple linear correlation relationship:y=-0.6724+1.0218x. The square of the correlation coefficient is0.7855. It shows that there is high correlation between NDVI and EVI. At the same time, tested by the SOFM neural network, the ecological vulnerability also shows roughly east-west direction. Thus, using the principal component analysis method to explore ecological vulnerability of Jilin province has certainty.