Research On Landscape Pattern Changes Of The Yellow River Basin In Central Shandong In Recent Fifteen Years

Since the1990s, global environmental change and sustainable development has been the concern issues of governments of the world and the academic circles, the impact on ecological environment of landscape pattern change has been becoming a concerned hot spot of many scholars spontaneously. Since1986,Yellow River Shandong Bureau has carried out the work of embankment of Yellow River, of protection and afforest in spring and winter, which has promoted the economic and social development of the Yellow River basin and related area powerfully. In the meantime, great changes of the regional landscape pattern have taken place. Landscape pattern is a combination of landscape heterogeneity on the space, is the joint outcome of social, natural and human factors, and the spatial distribution of landscape structure and the regional ecological safety is closely linked. The research of landscape pattern change can make us understand the landscape diversity and stability of the study area, and provide reasonable suggestions with the aspect of maintaining regional sustainable development and regional ecological security.In order to make it scientific management, effective protection and sustainable utilization, the landscape pattern change of the Yellow River basin has been studied in central Shandong province using the technology of GIS, RS and GPS. Based on the main data source of RS imagine (Landsat7ETM and Lanfsat8OLI imagine), the land use, land cover data, GPS point data and the characteristics of the study area, the interpretation symbols are established and the maps of the landscape types distributing in1999、2006and2013are made. By using the indexes of the Landscape patch characteristics:MSI index, PD index and MPFD index and the indexes of landscape pattern:landscape diversity index, landscape dominance index, landscape fragmentation index, distribution centroid and extended dimension, the thesis presents the dynamic change of landscape from1999to2013and analyses the driver of landscape pattern change in study area.This paper consists of5segments:Part1:Preface, introduce the conception of sight, landscape ecology and 3Stechnology and the summary of the landscape pattern change study in home and overseas.Part2:The general situation of study area, including its position, range, natural condition and society-economy situation are narrated.Part3:This content is the one of the main parts of the thesis. After the interpretation of the landscape type in study area, by using the models of the landscape pattern change, this paper analyses the landscape pattern in study area in1999,2006and2013, and the landscape pattern change in15years.Part4:Basis of the content of the part3, the drivers of the landscape pattern change are discussed. Focus on the analysis of the driving factors of terrain factor of natural driving factors and human driving factors in national policy.Part5:The conclusions of the thesis are made.Conclusions:(1) The terrain factor played the key role in the formation process of the landscape pattern in the area. The landscape pattern has orderliness obviously in the horizontal direction as well as the vertical direction in study area. In the northwest partake the agricultural landscape as the main landscape type, but in south mountain area mainly is distributed by forest landscape type; in the area of elevation under400m and slope below5°, the advantage landscape type is agricultural landscape, and the forest landscape type is mainly distributed in the area of elevation above600m and slope up15°.(2) The change of landscape pattern has taken place between1999and2013, urban landscape, forest landscape area is increased obviously and agricultural landscape, rural residential landscape area is reduced. The increase of urban landscape area mainly comes from the part of the agricultural landscape and rural residential landscape, and the increase of forest landscape area is the contribution of garden landscape and grassland landscape. Patches level and landscape level, landscape and the landscape elements are in fragmentation.(3) Analyzing the driving force of terrain of landscape pattern change, landscape dynamic change is close to terrain factors. The artificial factors is most important effect factors for the landscape pattern changes in the short period, especially in the ecological environment frail west mountain area. The landscape pattern changes is mainly in the area of elevation under600m, slope below15°, which is the most unstable landscape area, and the landscape is affected strongest by all kinds of interference factors.(4) In15years, the national policy factor is the dominant factor of landscape pattern change. The landscape pattern change is directly affected by the construction of protective forest of Shandong Bureau of Yellow River and the implementation of the policy of urbanization.