Comparison On Physicochemical Property And Immunoactivity Of Different Extracts From Five Species Of Edible Mushrooms

In t hi s paper, di ff er ent al cohol extracts and polysaccharides wereextracted from five species of edible mushrooms including Pl eurot usos t re at u s, A g r oc y b e c h a x i n g u, L e n t i n u s e d o d e s, A u r i c u l a r i a a u r i c u l a rand Flammulina velutipes. Usi ng mo use peri t oneal macr ophages, t heimmunoactivity of different al cohol extracts and polysaccharides werecompared and the st ructure-activi ty relationships of polysaccharidessti mulating immune functions were dicussed.(1) Compared with the control, five alcohol extracts andpolysaccharides showed no cytoxi ci ti es on mouse peritoneal macrophagesat the concentration ranging from25to400μg/mL under which diffe rental cohol extracts and polysaccharides possessed the activities stimul atingTNF-α, NO and IL-1β productions and phagocytosis by mo use peritonealmacrophages in varying degrees. The results suggested that poly-saccharides were the main active ingr edient s that palyed an importantrole in i mmune functions. Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEP) showedthe strongest i mmunoactivity followed by Pleurotus ostreatus poly-saccharides (POP). The activity of Agrocybe chaxingu polysaccharides(ACP) was moderate, while Auricularia auricular polysaccharides (AAP)and Fl ammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FVP) possessed the worstactivities.(2) The intrinsic viscosity of POP, ACP, LEP, AAP and FVP wer e143.54±5.35c m~3/g,47.95±2.86c m~3/g,101.44±3.50c m~3/g,1722.46±24.19cm~3/g and759.55±14.21cm~3/g, respectively. HPGPC showed there weretwo fractions with different molecular weight s existing in fi vemushrooms polysaccharides. FVP had the mi nimu m aver age molecularweight (7.02×10~5Da). Average molecular weight of AAP was2.52×10~6Da,which was the largest one. Average molecular weights of POP, ACP andLEP were1.83×10~6Da,1.64×10~6Da and1.33×10~6Da, separatel y. FT-I Ranal ysis suggested that al l the polysacchari des cont ai ned β-configuration.Monosaccharide composition analysis indi cated that POP, LEP and FVPconsisted of Man, Glc and Gal, and AAP was co mposed of Man and Glc along with a s mall quantity of Xyl and Gal, while ACP possessed Rha,Ara, Man, Gl c and Gal. Methylation anlysi s showed POP and LEP werecomposed mainly of a backbone of β-(1�'3)-D-Glc, the primary chains ofACP were β-(1�'6)-D-Glc and β-(1�'6)-D-Gal, FVP was β-(1�'4)-D-Glcwhile AAP possessed β-(1�'4)-D-Glc, T-β-D-Man and β-(1�'3,6)-D-Ma nas the main chai ns.(3) Principal component analysis a n d mul t i pl e l i nea r r e gr es s i o nanalysis showed that β-(1�'3)-D-Glc had important effects on theimmunoactivity of mushroom polysaccharides and immu noactivity wasenhanced with the incr ease of β-(1�'3)-D-Glc cont ent, suggesting thatβ-(1�'3)-D-Glc as a primary backbone of mushroom polysaccharidesmi ght be the determining factor for mushroom polysaccharides exertingprominent i mmunomodulation function.