Reseacrh On Conversion Of Cellulose To Alkyl Glycoside Under Mild Condition

Alkyl glucoside is received by aldolization of reducing sugars and fatty alcohols underthe acid catalyst, is preparation successful for the first time in the19th century by EmilFischer.In the beginning of the20th century, people found it has surface activity. Because ofthe synthetic material are natural resources what can be reproducible, preparation processnot complicated, so it became the hotspot on surface active agent in the1980s. Alkylglucoside has very superior surface activity and application properties, on pharmacology,biological ecological aspects has high security, application in petroleum chemical industry,food, cosmetics, washing and other fields,it has green environmental protection, is consideredto be the new world-class surfactant.At present, cellulose technology has the crossing development with biological genetechnology, catalytic pyrolysis technology, some famous international chemical companieshas began to develop and utilise the cellulose as a key of research and development, widelyused in paper making, textile, medicine, biology and building and other areas, the cellulosewill become an important chemical materials in the future.The intermolecular andintramolecularly of natural cellulose has more hydrogen bonds, that makes it has highcrystallinity, the structure makes it has hard to dissolution and degradation.All the time,people has been looking for effective solvents to dissolve and degradation cellulose,that willbe the key to the development of cellulose.In this article,methanol and microcrystalline cellulose as the raw materials, by workingin ionic liquid media with acid catalyst,methyl glucoside has been compounded.In thismethod,will the dissolve and degradation of cellulose and glycosidation formed a wholereaction, use of one catalyst to complete the transformation from cellulose to methylglucoside, simplified procedures and reduce energy consumption.The key point of this paperstudies is the preparation of acid catalyst.We prepare one acid catalyst,it is a kind of ionicliquid,twelve amine polyoxyethylene ether/phosphotungstic acid two hydrogen radical, thiskind of ionic liquid is solid at room temperature, liquid over60℃,this paper studies the cellulose degradation temperature is100℃, and the reaction temperature isover90℃, so thiskind of ionic liquid catalyst can be separated from the reaction system extremely easily, andcan be formed homogeneous phase with the reaction system, to make up for the deficiencyof the traditional catalyst, at the same time, give the spectrum diagram of the [BMIMCl] andthe catalyst,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR, FTIR, TGA, make inference for the structure of ionic liquid.Through the experiments, optimize the reaction conditions, determine the optimumreaction conditions: microcrystalline cellulose2g, catalyst2g,0.4ml deionized water,methanol18ml, reaction time3h, reaction temperature90℃. Product can beseparated aftermany extraction separation methods, through the amount of residual sugar determination, thedetermination of the pure quantity methods, analyze the quality of the product.Make FTIR forthe product, and a comparison with pure nucleoside samples, this experiment prove thepreparation is methyl glycoside.