| Fluorocarbon surfactants have high surface activity, high thermal stability and high chemical stability, coupled with their characteristics of water and oil repellency broadened the application scopes. Therefore, much attention is payed on their special uses and development. In this thesis, the classification, characteristics, properties and application of fluorocarbon surfactant are reviewed.The perfluoro butane sulfonyl fluoride and perfluoro hexane sulfonyl fluoride as raw materials, more than20kinds of fluorocarbon surfactants were synthesized. The structures of intermediates and the target products were characterized by MS, IR and1HNMR. Surface tension, critical micelle concentration, foam multiple, complex, spreading, washing, wetting, emulsifying properties of their solution were determined. It is found that their properties are related on structures. The hydrophobic group is longer the solution surface tension is low, and the hydrophobic group branch also has a great impact on surface activity.We improved the reaction conditions by control temperature, reaction time and other factors with different solvents. The experiment also compared to similar betaine surfactant and quaternary ammonium surfactant discovered that the surface activity of the former is higher. This indicates that hydrophilic groups have effect on the surface activity and the critical micelle concentration. In addition to the performance we also detect Krafft point for some surfacants.In addition, the octylsulfonic sodium salt and sodium dodecylsulfate used to mix with the fluorocarbon surfactant. We found the synergistic effect of surfactant containing perfluoro butyl chain is better than that of perfluoro hexyl chain. The Mixed liquids show good spreadability and can spread rapidly on cyclohexane. They can be used for light water foam fire-extinguishing, compared with the currently used foam fire extinguish agent, they spread fast, antiburning advantaged, and are environmental friendly. |
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