Environmental Quality Evaluation Of Rural In Hunan Province

As an important agricultural province of China, environmental pollution is becoming serious in Hunan rural area, has become an important factor that restricting the sustainable development of Hunan rural area. The amount of main pollutants generated in Hunan rural area were calculated by inventory analysis approach. On this basis, the environmental quality evaluation model of rural in Hunan province was established by four aspects, including social economy, environmental pollution, natural resources and ecological destruction, and the index weights were determined by analytic hierarchy process and expert consultation, then the environment quality of rural in Hunan was evaluated by comprehensive index evaluation method. According to the evaluation results, the environment quality of rural was graded and parted, and the spatial distribution characteristics of rural environmental quality was analyzed, the research results are as follows:(1)This paper analyzed the present situation of Hunan rural environment from three aspects, social, economic and environmental. From the natural ecological environment, Xiangxi utonomous prefecture, Zhangjiajie and Huaihua, located in Wuling mountain area, are rich in per-capita of cultivated land resources, water resources and forest resources. But the mountainous location leads to high rate of Soil erosion. From the level of social economic development, the integrated construction of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, promotes the economic development of these areas.The level of economic development of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and surrounding areas are higher than other cities.(2)The producing amount of main pollutants in Hunan were calculated by inventory analysis approach. The results showed that the producing intensity of atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants and solid waste in rural has strong consistency in space. The producing intensity in rural economically developed and densely populated central Hunan and northern Hunan, was far higher than the less-developed and sparsely populated western Hunan.(3)This paper established an environmental quality evaluation index system of rural in Hunan from four aspects including social economy, environmental pollution, natural resources and ecological destruction, and the environmental quality was evalulated by analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive index evaluation method. The results showed that: the environmental quality of rural in Hunan was preferable. The proportion of the first (excellent) and the second staters (good) regions accounts for71.43percent of Hunan province, The districts with highest environmental quality of rural were Huaihua and Chenzhou, followed by Xiangxi utonomous prefecture and Yongzhou, The worst district was Xiangtan, followed by Loudi.The overall pattern of rural environment quality gradually became better from central Hunan to southern Hunan, western Hunan and northern Hunan.(4)Based on the analysis of each subsystem. Social economy subsystem showed the level of social economic development gradually decreased from east to west. Environmental pollution subsystem showed that the pattern of rural environment pollution gradually reduced from central Hunan to northern Hunan, western Hunan and southern Hunan. Natural resources subsystem showed that the evaluation level of western Hunan and southern Hunan were higher than central Hunan and eastern Hunan. Ecological destruction subsystem showed that the ecological destruction of western Hunan and eastern Hunan were more serious than southern Hunan and northern Hunan.