Study On The Desertification Prevention And Control Mode Led By Rural Communities In Minqin Oasis

In arid zone, desertification and oasis are two reversed but interrelated process. Oasis process optimizes the ecological environment and expands the human living space, however due to the extensive and disordered land exploitation, oasis system stability began to decline, and meanwhile it triggered a series of ecological and environmental problems, including desertification. Oasis is the most concentrated and frequent area where human activities take place in the arid. Therefore, to carry out the desertification prevention and control in rural communities in arid oasis particularly along the edge of the sand is essential and urgent.Under the background of desertification in arid oasis, the paper summarized the focuses of desertification and achievements at home and abroad.The author selected the Minqin county as the study area, which closes to the Badan Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert. From the micro-community level, the author studied desertification prevention and control mode. First, the paper made a brief overview about the features of desertification in Minqin nearly20years, desertification was showed a decreasing trend in Minqin area,but desertification situation was still grim in local areas, especially in oasis-desert transition zone. Then the paper introduced the theory and engineering measures of combating desertification in Minqin. Then the paper combed the government documents from the temporal dimension and divided the combating desertification in Minqin into four stages, in order to clarify the development of desertification prevention policy in Minqin. It is found that combating desertification in Minqin experienced forest-grass preliminary construction period, management and protection period, management, protection and construction period, comprehensive treatment of desertification period and eventually it formed a relatively systematic system of county desertification prevention policies.On the basis of previous research, and in accordance with the difference between the dominant ideology and the characteristics of each presentation, the author summarized as four modes, they are "human advances and desert recedes","human migrates and desert recedes","human settle down and desert stabilizes" and "balance of underground water resource utilization". Among them,"human advances and desert recedes" mode is desertification control measures to the implementation of reclaiming land to the desert under the guidance of more radical ideas "conquer nature" in the1950s."Human migrates and desert recedes" model guided by the theory of "natural restoration" is to restore natural vegetation through immigration shrinkage, the whole village relocation and other measures to reduce the amount of groundwater exploitation. The mode of "human settle down and desert stabilizes" is guided by "artificial restoration theory", through on-site into farming farmers for sand workers, ecological compensation and grass planting, raising storage support, explore the public welfare of population transfer mode."Balance of underground water resource utilization" patten is to achieve the purpose of desertification treatment through the implementation of returning farmland to forest, closing Wells, reduce the cultivated land ecological policy to reduce groundwater extraction.According to the phenomenon of " smoothed value" within the community and the inter-community "alienation specialization" to identify the different effects of combating desertification, and do micro-analysis to SongHe, Huang Hui, Zheng Xin and Wu Tong village4typical community unit, whom were along the edge of the desert. The paper described the desertification prevention and control measures implemented in important time node and community response. Each mode is formed in one or more leading measures taken in desertification prevention and control, each of them is distinctive. The mode of "human advances and desert recedes" is to press sand and afforest ate and to protect farmland. The mode of "human migrates and desert recedes" is dominated by the whole village relocation. The mode of "human settle down and desert stabilizes" is to change their identities from peasant to sand workers in local area and to revert farmland to grassland. The mode of balanced distribution of water resources" is to close wells and reduce arable land.And then the paper tries to take measure of effectiveness of each mode by using fuzzy comprehensive estimation method. The results show that ecological benefit, economic benefit, social benefit and comprehensive benefits were different in each mode. As a whole, the mode of "human settle down and desert stabilizes" composite score0.2130is the best one, and second is the mode of "human advances and desert recedes" composite score0.2088, the third one is the mode of "balanced distribution of water resources" composite score0.2064, and the last one is the mode of "human migrates and desert recedes" composite score0.1941. And,"human settle down and desert stabilizes" is suitable for the village along the edge of the sand. The model of "human advances and desert recedes" applies to abandoned river area."Balanced distribution of water resources" mode appears in a large area of open up wasteland village at the edge of the oasis. The mode of "human migrates and desert recedes" appears in the most degraded ecological village on the edge of oasis.Finally, on account of people having less awareness in desertification control policy and difficult process of policy implementation and subsequent social problems and the sustainable livelihoods of local farmers, all above problems occurred in community response to desertification prevention and control, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. The government should develop flexible policies combating desertification and attempt to create a participatory government-community policy options in desertification prevention policy. Different modes are suitable for popularization and application in different environmental background region. With the help of external forces, the modes of development direction may change.