The Study On The Spatial Distribution And Structural Optimization Of China’s National Geoparks

The construction of National Geological Park has become one of hot issues of universal social concern in last decade. By the end of2011,China have declared219National Geological Parks and27World Geological Parks in six batches, Walk in the forefront of the world in the geological remains protection and geological park construction.The spatial distribution of National Geological Park has an important influence on local social and economic development, geological park system construction as well as the overall market effect. Based on the219National Geological Parks the research object, the article analyzes the development course and the development stage of geological park, through a variety of quantitative methods to analyze the spatial distribution of China’s National Geological Park type, density, structure, characteristics and evolution laws. And then it from multiple factors of both objective and subjective aspects respectively discussed the factors which affect the distribution of the National Geological Park space in China. Expounds the National Geological Park has spatial structural problems and contradictions on imbalance of regional distribution, geological relics distribution and the hot degree of different geological park tourism. So from the regional coordinated development, diversity of geological relic’s type, sustainable development, network marketing platform construction of the four aspects put forward the path of the spatial structure optimization. In order to provide the reference integrate of the geological relic’s resources, the reasonable layout of the future National Geological Park and the whole geological park system healthy, orderly and sustainable development.The thesis main work and the main conclusions are as follows:(1) The paper use unbalanced index S and the Gini coefficient to measure the National Geological Park’s balanced distribution in provincial administrative region. Statistical analysis of unbalanced index S=0.327(more close to1more concentrated). It shows that the National Geological Park in32provinces throughout the country distribution is imbalance, like Sichuan, Henan, Fujian and Anhui.etc10National Geological Park number reached51.6%; Gini coefficient calculation results for0.86, distribution uniformity is0.14. Indicates that China’s National Geological Park distribution is highly centralized in eight geographical region, but uniformity and the distribution is low. In the southwest area and middle reach of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, it concentrated the number of54.8%of the national geological park.So, future National Geological Park’s construction must more pay attention to eastern and southeastern coastal coastal region, and more pay attention to regional coordination.(2) Through the National Foundation Geographic data, using the Beijing1954coordinate system and artificial digital method build a map of National Geological Park point target distribution in ArcGis9.3. And then base on the nearest neighbor index and Voronoi method to measure the type of spatial distribution. The nearest neighbor index R=0.97, Shows that China’s national geological park still belongs to the condensation on the space distribution state. Voronoi diagram polygon measuring the CV value of0.78, fall within the range of>64%of the CV, for agglomeration model distribution, further verify the reliability of the results.(3) Through the analysis of the spatial density of the point target and Voronoi diagram of the three-step iterative clustering thought, to measure the spatial distribution pattern of national geological park. Density analysis results show that the national geological park distribution density to an average of0.23/10,000km2. High density area is mainly in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei border region and Beijing, Tianjin, the north of Hebei transition zone. The number of provincial administrative region is uneven distribution. Integrated three-step iterative result of Voronoi diagram, the National Geological Park spatial structure form has a new form:based on zonal aggregation, local high density aggregation nuclear area (7zonal accumulation zones and8high-density aggregation nuclear areas).(4) After ten years of development, the national geological park on temporal evolution characteristics as follows:Orderliness and marginal and "to increase first and then decay" travel time, distance distribution. The evolution characteristics of geologic relics types are as follows: types of imbalance, mainly reflects on the broad categories of imbalance (mainly in landscape type, structure, stratum, disasters are comparatively rare). Small class of imbalance (mainly in karst landform, danxia landform, granite landforms, volcano, but the coast, eolian loess is comparatively rare). So, future National Geological Park’s construction not only need maintain characteristic, but also need pay attention to the heterogeneous variety types of development, such as structure、stratum and coastal landform.(5) The National Geological Park space distribution structure is mainly controlled and affected by regional tectonic background. With no remarkable coupling relationship between the regional economic development level and control function, the correlation is weak or irrelevant (correlation coefficient is0.194), but the level of regional economic development has an important guiding role to the geological park construction. It’s mainly reflected in leading the geological park construction and shaping world-class geological park brand etc. There was a negative correlation between the spatial distribution of National Geological Park and city level, mainly distributed in the small and medium-sized city; The spatial distribution and regional (capital) city road distance and travel time appear "to increase first and then decay"; the spatial distribution is also affected by other external environment and human factors, such as geological survey of regional differences and differences in the enthusiasm of the government.(6) According to the problem about the distribution of the National Geological Park space regional imbalance, the type of relic disproportion, the degree of hotness of different geological park tourism is imbalanced and tourism boom during the Golden Week, the paper put forward four optimizing paths. First is the regional coordinated development. Second is geological relic’s type diversification. Focus on three models include:expanding small type, avoid large type competition and integrated the world-class resources. Third is the optimization path of sustainable development, such as declaration system, Policy and concept. Fourth is the construction of geological park network marketing platform, through an online booking in advance and electronic ticket service, establish the early warning mechanism, which can effectively guarantee the quality of tourism flow and protect the ecological safety of geological park.