Studies On Simulation Of Pedestrian Evacuation Involving Exit Area Attributes

With the development of urbanization process and level, large buildings and communal open spaces can be found in almost every great city. There are high population density and long opening hours in these places. At the same time, frequent natural disasters and emergencies also could threaten to public safety. And, public safety can be improved by making good evacuation plans and designing public gathering locations reasonably. So, it is a necessary to study the influence of the area attribute of the exit on evacuation efficiency, which has important effect and practical value.This dissertation studies how the attribute of the exit area affects evacuation efficiency by analyzing given experimental statistics and simulation based on cellular automata model. Barriers around the exit and the structure of the exit are emphasized. Based on this, the following research has been conducted.(1) The knowledge of cellular automata and evacuation models are reviewed briefly. Occupant evacuation is simulated on the basis of a given cellular automata based on potential field and experimental statistics. The bottleneck parameter is introduced to control the speed of pedestrians, which reflects the reduction of the exit bottleneck to evacuation. Furthermore, the influence of barriers around the exit on evacuation efficiency is discussed.(2) Then, on the one hand, the bottleneck parameter is amended by adding the width of the barrier at the exit. And the experimental scene is simulated. The results show that it is necessary to considering the width of barriers in the bottleneck parameter. Besides, the influence of barriers on evacuation is further analyzed. On the other hand, the movement direction of pedestrians is adjusted in the model. The conclusion that barricading in front of exit can improve evacuation efficiency is verified by simulation.(3) On the premise of testing experiment, the influence of the exit layout and structure on evacuation efficiency is investigated theoretically. Firstly, the transition rule of the existing model is regulated by adding static field. Simulation results are compared with experiment and test the reliability of the model. Secondly, the influence of the exit location and proportion and exit division is discussed.Based upon above work, further researches are briefly discussed.