Room Evacuation Model And Its Application Considering The Influence Of Obstacles

Large public places have the characteristics of high personnel density.When disaster occurs,the crowd is crowded and the stampede accident occurs due to the distribution of various obstacles in the room.Therefore,in order to avoid pedestrian accumulation,reduce exit traffic jams,improve the efficiency of pedestrian evacuation,this paper studies the main factors affecting pedestrian evacuation in single room,and provides a constructive basis for layout and design of single room.Based on the evacuation experiment in real classrooms,this paper studies the pedestrian evacuation efficiency,and compares and analyzes the evacuation time and walking path of each person.Finally,the influence of pedestrian route choice on evacuation efficiency is obtained.A field model based on cellular automata is established according to the experiment,which has static field and dynamic field parameters.The parameters are corrected according to other experiment.Finally,a real and effective simulation model is built.Further,the influence of the influence factors such as the position of exit,width of exit,layout of indoor obstacle,width of corridor and position on the time of pedestrian evacuation are studied,and the following conclusions are drawn:(1)If K_S=0 and K_D is non-zero,pedestrian evacuation will be disturbed,and the evacuation time will be greatly increased.WhenK_S<1 andK_D gradually increases,the interaction between pedestrians may lead to the occurrence of panic,resulting in a significant increase in evacuation time.ForK_S=?,pedestrians have the information of the shortest distance and rapid evacuation of the exit,and K_D has little effect on the evacuation efficiency.(2)The trajectory data obtained by direct linear transformation method is calibrated and mapped to the real physical space to obtain the corresponding trajectory coordinates.When K_S=1.5 and K_D=0.5 the selection of personnel path is similar to that of the experiment,and the trend of evacuation time of the tracking personnel is a step shape with certain regularity.(3)In the case of only one exit on the single room,the optimal width of the outlet is divided into the following two situations.When the number of indoor people is less than 90,the width of the outlet is set between 0.8m and 2.0m.When the number of indoor people is greater than 90,the width of the outlet is set between 2.0m and 2.8m.When the right obstacle distribution is less or the obstacle is a certain distance from the exit,the exit is more conducive to the evacuation in the middle position of the sidewall.When the exit is located in the middle position of the sidewall,the evacuation efficiency is higher by increasing the number of aisles,due to the spread of tables and chairs.(4)When there are two exits in a single room,3.6m is the best exit spacing.The outlet width can be set to 2.4m,and that is to say,an outlet width of 1.2m is the best case.For the effect of indoor obstacle layout,it is found that when the aisle layout is similar,the fewer the number of tables and chairs placed closest to the exit and the more scattered the layout,the wider the width of the exit aisles.Pedestrians can make full use of two exits to evacuate quickly.