| Avian influenza (AI) is a poultry disease or syndrome caused by influenza virus type A. It is a member Orthomyxoviridae. Almost all poultry and wild birds can be infected. Based on the difference of their Virulence, Avian influenza virus can be divided into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), and HPAI can cause100%mortality, this poultry disease the World Health Organization require this disease as must be informed disease, also in China classified in Class I animal diseases.The HPAIV not only cause the poultry disease, but also it can infect human and result in death. Therefore, it has the the significant importance in public health. Geographic information system (Geographical Information Systems, GIS) was established in the1960s, it is an interdisciplinary science between earth science, information science and space science. GIS combined spatial data (map) and attribute information (database), The layering technique make the map and database co-processing and query become possible. it has the illustrations and essays so it is easy to understood. At present, GIS has been widely used in many fields.This essay was an epidemiological investigation of Avian influenza in wild waterfowl It considered the water distribution in Jiangsu province distration of wild waterfowl, and the situation of waterfowls carried the AIV. The use of GIS analysis of wild waterfowl avian influenza as a risk indicators, and the results play a role in the early warning of avian flu occurancen in Jiangsu province1Epidemiological survey of wild waterfowl avian influenza virusRefered to the M gene designed by Joanna S.Ellis and Maria C.Zambon, The nested PCR metod for influenza A virus was constructed. Total145cloacal swabs from was collected from8kinds of known species of ducks and unknown species in the Hongze Lake Wetland reserve Area, Jiangsu province.in the spring of2009to the spring of2011. Result showed the13%wild ducks carried the avian influenza virus. Interestingly, Merganser has the highest infection rate, it reached50%in the spring of2010..2.Whole genome sequencing of a waterfowl derived AIV strainAn AIV strain, which is isolated from a spot-billed duck (A/Spot-billed Duck/Hongze/01/11, H4N2) was sequenced. The segment of gene, HA, NA、PA、PB1、 PB2、NP、M、NS8was amplified by the influenza universal primers as described by E. Hoffmann. The PCR products were cloned into PMD18-T vectors. After ligation, transformation and sequencing, sequence homology was analyzed by DNAstar. phylogenetic tree was drawn by MegAlign software to analyze the molecular characteristics of this virus.The result showed that8genes contained the complete ORF of the corresponding viral gene. Virus HA site was at237to238amino acids,it was the GQ of the avian virus, and the cleavage site sequence was PEKASR. No consecutive basic amino acid was inserted, so it was an low pathogenic strain.627nt of the PB2protein was glutamine,92nt of NS1protein was methionine, the NS1protein encoded230amino acids, and there is no deletion. According to their molecular characteristics, this strain was a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus.3Using GIS Method analyse the risk of Avian influenza in wild waterfowlAccording to the data by the epidemiological investigation in our labatory, combined with geographic information map of the Jiangsu Province,we designed the GIS map assisted by computer software... |
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