Effects Of Autumn And Spring Straw Mulching On Soil Environment And Growth Of Spring Mainze

In arid regions in the north of China, how to make limited precipitation interceptionaccumulation, increase the soil reservoir to keep moisture and water is the important subjectof agricultural production need to study for a long time. Ground cover can change the surfaceevaporation, inhibition of farmland surface soil moisture evaporation, have been as animportant technical measures of water-saving soil conservaton rainfed agricultural area,formed by the combination of cover material and time of many technical pattern effectinfluence on the growth of crops and water are different. Through2years fixed-point test,compared with plastic mulching, covering the straw in spring and autumn， research of springmaize field soil temperature, moisture, nutrients and corn form, dry matter accumulation, birthprocess, yield and water use efficiency and soil conservaton,to increase production effect, asthe application of straw mulching technology to improve the utilization efficiency ofprecipitation in arid, promote the corn production, improve the ecological environment toprovide theoretical basis and technical support. The main results were as follows:1. Soil temperature is one of the important factors affect maize emergence. Autumnmulching film2year and spring mulching film1years, its influence on spring maize growthprophase, and temperature, can significantly improve early to make spring maize seedlingstage than other treatment in advance.2years autumn covering straw, the average groundtemperature with different processing seedling stage in each soil layer is lower than thecontrol (CK), low covering straw3000kg/hm~2(DJ) with no significant difference comparedwith that of covering straw6000kg/hm~2(ZJ),9000kg/hm~2(GJ) treatment and had nosignificant difference with control; Whole growth period, the average ground temperatureincrease at the early stage of the jointing stage, jointing stage to achieve the highest, as thebirth process and after then.1stalk spring covered all the process in5cm change is volatile,and the peak appeared at12:00, under10cm soil layer is small autumn fluctuation change,peak appeared in PM, after the change is not big.2. At the550~650mm rainfall in the sub-humid area prone to drought,2years of thestudy results show that the fall covered (cover) for DongXian period of time (past) bare surface provides a layer of protective barriers, can not only prevent sandstorm, but also tokeep useful storage, provide favorable conditions for early spring maize growth.3.Different mulching treatment’ Storage capacity of soil0~200cm changesdifferent.PM and LM treatment’0~200cm soil storage capacity in the whole stages is higherthan CK5.20mm and5.20mm, what DJ, ZJ and GJ is higher than CK10.67mm,10.93mmand10.67mm.Complete spring cover under different mulching treatment’0~200cm soilstorage capacity in the whole stages changes with autumn covering law is different.Membraneprocess’s0~200cm storage capacity in addition to the20d after sowing is higher than CK,other times are lower than CK.4. Autumn (cover), spring (growth period covered) season of all deal with0~60cm soillayer under the cover soil alkaline hydrolysis N, total N content are higher than CK, alkalisolution nitrogen content is significant difference, no significant differences between total Ncontent, and content are increased with the deepening of the soil.The soil available N contentsand total N under different mulching materials were higher than the control after maizeharvest, and the effect gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil availableK、available P contents of two kinds of plastic film mulching treatment under the autumn andspring covering are are higher than other cover processing in0~60cm soil layerr.The alllevels available P of spring straw mulching treatment contents increased with the increase ofstraw mulch amount.The different coverage’s available k contents under Autumn covering of0~60cm soil layer order for LM> PM> ZJ> GJ> DJ> CK; Spring way under differentcoverage of0~60cm soil layer average content of soil available k order for LM> PM> GJ> ZJ> DJ> CK.5. Covers treatment can promote the growth of spring corn individuals, shorten the birthprocess.Among them, the processing of plastic film mulching can significantly improve thespring maize growth of plant dry weight, plant height and leaf area, straw mulching increasedsignificantly than control in the late birth;In2011and2012, PM and LM processingrespectively in the whole stages than CK11and8days in advance, straw mulching andcontrast the difference was not significant.6.2years Autumn covering, the average grain yield and water use efficiency increasedsignificantly than CK. Sping covering, the GJ treatment ‘s production effect is superior toZJ’s and DJ’s, Water use efficiency, LM, ZJ and GJ is significantly higher than othertreatments and CK, higher than CK2.76%,2.05%and2.48%.