The Research Of The Different Cultivation Measures In Effects Of Yield-increasing And The Environmental Effects Of The Spring Maize

Hanyuan area of Weibei is dry, it has less and concentrated rain in this area. So how toimprove the level of agricultural production is the primary task under the condition of limitedwater resources. Physical and chemical properties of soil and environmental quality can beregulated and controled by different cultivation measures in the area. So as to we can achievestable and high production output task. At the same time，for crops are timely delayed on thebasis of without increasing any input, which makes full use of the light and temperatureresources of late growth period, improving the accumulation of organic matter, so as toachieve the purpose of further increasing. This thesis bases on traditional farming and no-tillcovering different measures as the research object, analyzes on crop yield, soil fertility,moisture content, crop photosynthetic physiological indexes and delayed harvest on yield andquality. The results are as follows,1. Different tillage coverage measures effect on soil moisture, fertility and spring cornyieldUnder the different cultivation covered conditions, the traditional cultivation with allmembrane covering leisure period of soil water storage keep moisture effect is the highest. Itis10366.8kg/hm~2.No-till coverage measures is better than the traditional tillage measures.Under the no-till conditions, production of plastic film mulching yield is higher. Under thetraditional farming conditions, the membrane covering yield is the highest. Under thetraditional farming condition, the film covering water use efficiency is the highest. It is27.8kg/(hm~2mm) under the condition of No-till, the highest water use efficiency (wue) of plasticfilm mulching is the highest and the straw mulching is the lowest. Under the same covermeasures, no-till water use efficiency is higher than conventional tillage.Under the traditional farming conditions, the leisure stage of soil water storage keepmoisture effect is best. In the early sowing, it is137.0mm higher than the conventional tillagesoil pondage. Under the no-till conditions, with straw mulching the soil water content is thehighest, It is751.6mm, which is25.9mm higher than no-cover water content, grass covering and mulching film are both lower than no covering. The water content of0-300cm soil profileof spring maize when it harvests is higher than before it is sowed. Under the condition ofno-till with straw mulch covering moisture the water content is higher. While under thecondition of conventional tillage the straw mulching and no covering are higher.Under different tillage coverage measures condition, soil nutrient has obvious tablephenomenon. Under the traditional farming condition,0to30cm of soil organic matter, totalnitrogen, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content inmembrane with straw mulching is highest. But they reduce gradually with the increasing ofdepth of content. Under no-till condition,0to30cm soil nutrient content with grass coveringis highest and not covering is the lowest.2. Different tillage coverage measures impact on photosynthetic characteristics of springcorn.With the period of growth, leaf net photosynthetic rate of each process has a rising trendfrom high to low. Tasseling stage has the most obvious the phenomenon. Under thetraditional tillage condition, plastic film mulching with the straw mulching has the highest netphotosynthetic rate. The straw mulching is the lowest. Under no-till conditions, the highestnet photosynthetic rate of plastic film mulching on average is33.81(including mol/(m~2, s). Itis3.7%higher than no cover. Under different tillage coverage measures condition, the leaftranspiration rate shows that tasseling stage is higher than jointing stage of ratooning buds.Jointing stage of ratooning buds is higher than huge bellbottom period. Huge bellbottomperiod is higher than seedling. Seedling is higher than mature period. In seedling stage, springmaize stomatal conductance is lower. Tasseling stage to achieve the highest. Under traditionaltillage condition, the mulch with straw mulching maintains a higher average stomatalconductance260.63parts per million. It is46.0%higher on average than uncovered; Underno-till conditions, plastic film mulching has the highest transpiration rate of, and strawmulching is the lowest.3. Under different tillage coverage measures, the delay impacts on spring maize yieldand quality.If we delay to harvest at the appropriate time, maize yield and thousand seed weightincrease significantly. If we delay to harvest for15days, traditional tillage thousand seedincreases3.59g on average daily, yield increases1334.7kg/hm~2. The straw mulching andplastic film mulching can use more accumulated temperature of180.33℃and154.98℃, andgrouting rate performance for conventional tillage is higher no-tillage with straw mulching;No-tillage with straw mulching is higher than no-tillage with plastic film mulch; No-tillagewith plastic film mulch is higher than conventional tillage with straw; Conventional tillage with straw mulching is higher than plastic film mulching with conventional tillage. The delayof the harvest is conducive to plant organs to grain dry matter further migration. Cultivated bytraditional delay for15days, migration quantity is up to10.06g but leaf and stem dry matterof grain contribution rate is reach up to25.08%-28.04%. If we delay for15days, the grainprotein and fat are the highest under the uncovered traditional farming condition, and no-tillwith straw covering is the lower. Contrary to the change trend of protein and fat, the grainstarch content as the harvest time is characterized by lower trend.