Comparative Studies On Different Soil Tillages In Northern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Concerning gradually shallow plough layer and low soil productivity resulted from continuousrotary tillage in high yield region in North China Plain, one field experiment was conducted todetermine the effects of different tillage treatments on soil water, temperature changes and spring cornyield. Six treatments including interval sub-soiling30cm, deep rotary subs-oiling30cm, deep rotarysub-soiling50cm, deep rotary sub-soiling30cm+film mulch, deep rotary sub-soiling50cm+filmmulch and rotary tillage15cm was designed The results show that:1. Deep rotary sub-soiling can keep high water capacity, improve soil bulk density, aggregatestructure and porosity to a certain extentDeep rotary sub-soiling can promote rainwater infiltration, reduce surface runoff and save morewater in the Huang-Huai region,which improve water environment, deep rotary sub-soiling+mulchtreatment can retain more moisture and solve the problem of running entropy,increase soil temperatureduring cold periods,which improve crop development, changing the crop phenological conditions,which will help to achieve high yield; Deep rotary sub-soiling not only don’t reduce soil water stableaggregates content, but increased the soil water stable aggregate content, improve the nutritionalcondition of the soil; Deep rotary sub-soiling can reduce soil bulk density in the region to improve totalsoil porosity effect, a two-year experimental results show that the effect of deep rotary sub-soiling havelong duration effect, which can reduce tillage intensity and frequence,solve shallow plough problem.Subsoiling can also improve the effect of the physical properties of the soil but is significant than deeprotary sub-soiling, which suitable for only one year, and still need to successive years of tillage.2. Deep rotary sub-soiling could improve photosynthetic of the spring corn, winter wheat, summercornDifferent tillage methods have a certain impact on crop photosynthetic and SPAD. Select theappropriate tillage methods can improve the SPAD and photosynthetic. Deep rotary sub-soilingcompared with subsoiling, rotary tillage can increase crop SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2concentration and transpiration rate.Subsoiling can alsoincrease crop SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2concentration and transpiration rate, but not as significantly as deep rotary sub-soiling. Deep rotarysub-soiling+mulch have no effect on crop photosynthetic and SPAD value.3. Deep rotary sub-soiling could improve dry matter accumulation and yield of the spring corn,winter wheat, summer cornDeep rotary sub-soiling compared to rotary tillage and subsoiling can improve plant height, LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain filling rate and winter wheat tillers.There is no significant differentbetween two deep rotary sub-soiling. Deep rotary sub-soiling+mulch treatment increased crop growthand development indicators more significant, subsoiling can also promote crop growth and development indicators in spring corn and wheat, but almost have no different with rotary tillage, we can see thesubsoiling effect lasts only one year.Different tillage methods on crop economic yield and its components have a significant impact, thedeep rotary sub-soiling compared to subsoiling and rotary tillage could increase winter wheat acres ofears, grain weight, thus improving crop yield.In spring corn season, deep rotary sub-soiling+mulch canextended filling time production, improve more crop yield.Subsoiling can also improve yield,but notsignificantly,especially in some period,subsoiling has almost no difference even lower than the rotarytillage, we can see the effect of it can only be maintained for one year. Deep rotary sub-soiling increaseyield significant and stable in the three crops increase yield.In the first year,due to the early runningentropy,yield increase by10%than rotary tillage.In the second year, because there is no runningentropy, It increase more significant, increased by30%than rotary tillage, compared to the rotarytillage,it significantly improved acres of ears, grains weight, crop yield. In spring corn season, deeprotary sub-soiling coupled with plastic film can soil soil entropy, at the same time extend the time of thegrout,the receipt acres of ears and yield. Regardless of the single-season or anniversary production,deep rotary sub-soiling were significantly higher than subsoiling and rotary tillage, can achieve high andstable yield in the north of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Deep rotary sub-soiling compared to subsoiling, rotary tillage can greatly improve soil physicalproperties, promote crop growth,physiological characteristics and crop single-season, annual production,improve the soil problem in the Huang-Huai region, which can achieve two years of high and stableyield. However, no significant difference between the deep rotary sub-soiling30cm and deep rotarysub-soiling50cm deep, comprehensive consideration economic and easy operation，we should choosedeep rotary sub-soiling30cm. The above conclusions show that the tillage methods suitable for thestudy area is deep rotary sub-soiling30cm. Deep rotary sub-soiling30cm+mulch during the coldperiod or early farming can save water which can achieve high and stable yield.