Study On The Optimized Utilization Pattern Of Grassland Resources In Yili Stud Farm

Yili Stud Farm is a place that takes livestock husbandry as the main industry with its diversegrassland resources and obviously vertical distribution and has a big productive potential.However, grassland seriously degraded and production efficiency of livestock husbandrydecreased because of overgrazing. Guided by the theory of system conglomeration and ecologicalreplacement, the study area changed the production mode of livestock husbandry from four-seasonnomadic grazing to warm-season grazing and cold-season drylot feeding. Natural grassland wasdivided to prohibition-grazing zone and warm-season grazing zone, meanwhile artificial grasslandwas constructed to balance grassland area and livestock number. Based on the grassland resourcesand production status of study area by practical investigation, balance between forage andlivestock, economic benefit and social benefit was analyzed in existing utilization of grasslandresources. The results suggest that overgrazing and imbalance between forage and livestock inboth summer pasture and winter pasture of warm-season grazing still exist with the overloadingrate of30.61%and9.88%. Therefore, it is important to redispose the summer and winter pasture.On the basis of vertical distribution of grassland type, utilization periods of summer and winterpasture are divided into three periods, respectively late spring to early summer（5.20~7.5）,summe（r7.6~8.22）, autumn（8.23~9.20）, with the rotational grazing from low mountain to alpinegrassland, and to low mountain. In the rotational grazing mode, livestock carrying capacity in eachutilization period can maintain133255sheep units. In this study, linear programming approach isused to develop an optimization of artificial grassland and livestock production system throughincreasing livestock supplements by means of adjustment of crop planting area, appropriateadjustment of livestock number and type, optimization of livestock population structure, efficiencyof livestock husbandry and market rate of herd. After the adjustment, sheep number increasessharply and the number of large livestock maintains in the scale of present state. Carrying capacityof drylot feeding reaches to191177sheep units and increases by11598sheep units in comparisonwith the present system. Planting structure still changes obviously. The ratio of planting area ofcorn silage, clover, wheat, rape is separately4.26%,90.32%,3.72%and1.70%. The ratio ofoutput to input is2.87︰1, net output value is69725981.70yuan. Compared with presentcondition, carrying capacity of drylot feeding in winter seasons improved by60.58%. Based onthe study, conglomeration of livestock husbandry and planting industry can achieve greaterbenefits.