Studies On Variety Evolution Rules Of Early Maturity Maize Region In Northeast China Under Climate Warming Conditions

Spring maize region in northeast China is main maize producing areas. It play aimportant role in protecting our food security. Environmental conditions may restrict theagricultural production to the great extent. Climate change is particularly prominent foragricultural production. From this standpoint that influence of climate warming on maizeplanting scope spread and output increase, climate warming really had a great influence onmaize production in northeast. But it is not seen that study on agronomic traits to adapt toclimate change with variety regional test at home and abroadThe phenological phase data, yield traits and meteorological data from2002to2009at10stations in4provinces were analyzed. The possible effects of climate warming on thephenophases and yield changes of early-maturing spring maize in Northeast China wereanalyzed.the objective of this research is to analyze spring maize production and breeding inNortheast China and provide scientific evidence for the variety cultivation and breedingdirection of maize.The main results are as followes:1. Through analysis of variance of the variable to the yield of sidan19and benyu9in tenpilots from2002to2005, and finding contribution rate of environment reached92.53%.Environment was the main factor causing yields difference of two check varieties2. Growth period of check varieties showed a strong positive correlation with the activeaccumulated temperature. There is a significant positive correlation between growth period ofcheck varieties and annual average temperature (r=0.740*，P=0.018). Along with the increaseof active accumulated temperature, the growing period tended to be longer.3. The relative coefficients between vegetative period of Sidan19and the correspondingactive accumulated temperature were0.756. The relative coefficients between anthesis kernelstage of Sidan19and the corresponding active accumulated temperature was0.864. therelative coefficients between vegetative period of Benyu9and the corresponding activeaccumulated temperature was0.632. The correlation coefficients between anthesis kernel stage of Benyu9and the corresponding active accumulated temperature was0.866. There is astrong positive correlation between vegetative period of check varieties and annual averagetemperature. There is also a strong positive correlation between anthesis kernel stage of checkvarieties and annual average temperature. Along with the increase of active accumulatedtemperature, the anthesis kernel stage tended to be longer, the vegetative period tended to beshorter.4. There is a significant positive correlation between check varieties yield and annualaverage temperature (r=0.647*，P=0.041). With the increase of the average temperature, thecheck varieties production presented an increasing trend.5. Spring maize cultivation methods have been changed, the optimum density waschanged from3000plants/667m2in2002to4000-4500plants/667m2in2009. The directionof maize cultivar selection is toward intensive planting.These results mean that climate warming has a significant positive impact on springmaize growth period, production, cultivation and breeding direction in the Northeast China.Therefore, breeding direction needs to be adjusted to fit the climate warming, intensiveplanting, longer growth period, pest and disease resistance, drought resistance, high qualityand high yield should be the breeding objective of spring maize in the future in NortheastChina. In addition, field management should be strengthened in the actual cultivation,especially flower period, so as to ensure high yield and good quality of maize.