Study The Effect Of Spring Maize On Conservative Tillage Forms In Northeast Area Of China

As a grain production area and commodity grain base in China, the northeast plain has been playing an important part in the national grain security strategy. The general sowing time is from late April to early May and harvest on late September, therefore a fallow span of 7 ~ 8 months was to be existed in northeast plain each year. Due to dry climate, strong wind and traditional tillage, soil erosion has becoming seriously. The ecological environment has been worsening gradually by thinner black soil layer and decreasing organic matter content.This research was conducted by tackling the main problem of maize production in northeast China. By systematically analyzing the benefit; ecological effect and variety characteristic of protecting cultivation under four tillage patterns, the applicable theory of conservative tillage was provided for tillage pattern.Result showed: Due to the ageing-resistant film perennial mulch cropping, maize growth period and yield was advanced by 2～3 days and 15.56% respectively. Moreover, the cost of agricultural production was reduced and the profit was increased remarkably, the average net income of two years was advanced by 1656.1 Yuan/hm-2 compared with the traditional tillage pattern in northeast plain.Due to the ageing-resistant film perennial mulch tillage pattern, soil nutrient and its cost were decreased remarkably while soil moisture was increased significantly. Compared with the traditional tillage pattern, water content in soil(0～20cm) was increased by 1.15% and 0.8% at the stage of earlier seedling and seedling respectively; the accumulated temperature (≥10?C) is 31.4?C higher than the traditional one during seedling. Therefore, as a kind of conservative tillage technical, the ageing-resistant film perennial mulch tillage is promising well for extension in northeast plain.Compatibility test for maize varieties was conducted under two tillage patterns. Their growing state indicated: Ji Dan 137 was superior to Zheng Dan 958 under ageing-resistant film perennial mulch tillage; while Zheng Dan 958 displayed better in the pattern of alternative fallow with high stubble in narrow/wide row. In general, Zheng Dan 958 was superior to Ji Dan 137 and the character of Zheng Dan 958 was stable during the whole growing period. Although the yield of Ji Dan was higher under ageing-resistant film perennial mulch tillage, it was sensitive to environment and its character was unstable during the whole growing period.This research was conducted by compatibility test to tackle the technical problem of maize tillage pattern in northeast China. With good experimental effect, the theory of conservative tillage was provided for extension and application maize planting in northeast plain.