A Study On Fruits And Seeds Variation Of Northeast Walnut (Juglans Mandshurica) And Plus Tree Selection

Study on seed traits of northeast walnut(Juglans mandshurica)which collected from 12 sites in natural forests showed the coefficient of variation in seed quality(19.9%)and kernel quality(20.4%)were larger than others,shell thickness(13.58%)and kernel rate(14.42%)were medium,three diameters mean(8.42%)was smaller.There were highly significant differences in morphological traits among provenances and Provenances except fruit length diameter ratio.The kernel rate was highly significant negative correlation with seed quality,shell thickness,seed length,seed thickness and three diameters mean.The kernel rate wa s significantly negative correlation with seed width,fruit length and fruit length diameter ratio.The kernel rate was highly significant positive correlation with kernel quality and significant positive correlation with width thickness ratio.The kernel quality was highly significant positive correlation with seed quality,shell thickness,seed length,seed width,seed thickness,three diameters mean,fruit length,fruit diameter and fruit quality.Twelve provenances can be clustered into three groups.The first group is Jinshantun,Hulin and Hunchun provenances with small seed,small seed quality,small shell thickness,high kernel rate;the second group is Yabuli,Sanchazi and Tieli provenances,with characteristics of big seed,big seed quality,big seed shell thickness,high kernel rate.The third group is Linjiang,with medium seed size,medium seed quality,medium shell thickness and low kernel rate.The coefficient of variation of kernel fat content was the smallest,ash content and moisture content was moderate,protein content,polysaccharide content,seed oil ratio and seed oil content were larger,and the average coefficient of variation was 3%,8.26%,9.43%,21.77%,18.20%,10.20% and 14.30% respectively.There was a highly significant positive correlation between seed soil ratio and kernel fat content,and significant negative correlation with the content of polysaccharide.The seed oil content was highly significant positive correlation with fat content and negatively correlated with water content.There was a significant positive correlation between seed oil ratio and kernel rate,and there was a highly significant negative correlation with the seed quality,shell thickness,seed width,seed thickness,three diameters mean,fruit quality and fruit diameter and significant negative correlation with seed length,fruit length.seed oil content was highly significant positive correlation with seed quality,kernel quality,shell thickness,seed length,seed width,seed thickness,three diameters mean,fruit quality and fruit diameter.There was no significant correlation between most traits and environmental factors.We built a multiple regression mode in each provenance by treating the kernel quality and kernel rate as a dependent variable respectively,and the morphological traits of Juglans mandshurica as independent variable.Most of the results achieved good forecast effec t.According to the equation,it can reduce the workload of future improvement.At the same time,we built a multiple regression mode by treating the kernel rate as a dependent variable and environmental climate factor as independent variable.The results are equally predictive.It provides a theoretical guidance for the selection of good genes and the selection of good planting.The number of Plus Trees was not instability in single trait selection method compared with the comprehensive coordinate,although the selection gain was similar.This way can not take into account two or more characters.The selection gain was higher sometimes,but the difference of the same traits among the Plus Trees was larger in the same provenance.The comprehensive coordinate method takes into account the various characters.And it does not increase the workload generally.We will play a good effect in the research and production if we can take into account the maximum plants during the selection process.We use the method of comprehensive coordinate to select the Plus Trees for industrial using seed.Fat content and kernel rate were improved mainly.The selection rate was 13%~24%.The fat content,seed oil content and kernel quality selection gain were in 1.85%~3.85%,9.57%~17.72% and 5.61%15.60%.