The Studies On Reproductive Biology Of Adonis Amurensis Regel Et Radde

The paper studied the Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde which grow in the wild environment and introduced from the field, we studied the population habitat survey,floral syndromes and breeding system,flowering biotemperature and pollination mechanism,development process of seed and discussed the characteristics of reproductive biology of Adonis amurensis.The Adonis amurensis mainly grows under and border of the mixed forest or needles or slope the mid-lower place such as grass, sunny slope and half sunny slope have more distribution. Brown or dark brown soil, humus is profound and the soil is fertile and loose. The upper space is associated with Fraxinus mandshurica、Lespedeza bicolor and Primula sieboldii.The flowering of single flower of Adonis amurensis was about6-10d, floral syndromes have significant changes during the flower is opening, the color of petals and calyx have burned; the anther change from tiling inside of the petals to up-right of the pistil and in the process,the filaments elongate constantly, all these easy to self-pollination. Three different methods used to test the pollen viability; we discovered that the nutrient solution method was the best one. On the second day of blossom, the pollen viability reached maximum. Stigma had feeble receptivity on the flowering day. Both existed a period they owed, in favor of improving the success rate of pollination. The total value of OCI was3and the value of P/O was about2280.The seed setting ratio with different treatments showed that its breeding system can be as self-compatible was primary and needed pollinators during the pollination.In the same year, the early flowering season of Adonis amurensis under the condition of wild environment and introduction both in early April, difference before and after was four days, but difference of three days for the second year running on the condition of wild environment. The flowering phonological curve of population presented multiple’"M", Adonis amurensis has strong demand for illumination, so there were no opening flowers which were Adonis amurensis in the day of overcast and rainy. During2011to2012, a total number of9species of insects were recognized as the flower visitor. There existed differences about visiting frequency among different visitors. The shortest duration time of Apis cerana was about7s, and they liked visit adjacent flowers continuously. But the longest duration time was Sphaerophoria Indiana. Its duration time was about30s. The same insect had significant difference about duration time in different years. these attributed to the changes of temperature. The main pollinating insect of Adonis amurensis was Apis cerana. The peak season of visiting flowers from12:00to14:00. the largest number was7who visited the flowers at the same time. Through the observation we found that the pollination of all the kinds of the bee was far outstrips butterflies and flies.The fertilization mode of Adonis amurensis was porogamy, pollen tube got into the ovule about45h after pollinating and released sperm cell, they achieved double fertilization phenomenon about50h after pollinating. Seed vertical axis achieved maximum when they developed to40d after flowering, and the horizontal axis achieved maximum when they developed to50d after flowering. Mature seed was bigger which grows in the wild environment than introduced condition. The water absorbing capacity of seed achieved maximum after absorbing1h, it reached saturation after absorbing12h, and the number was59.36%. Contents of soluble sugar had the changed trend of "descend-rise-descend"; content of soluble protein and POD activity had the simple trend of "rise-descend".