| Field experiments with different varieties of wheat, maize varieties at five levels of phosphorus (0,50,100,200and1000kg P2O5ha-1) at Henan Province by2-year were conducted.In order to investigate the effects of P application on the change of dynamic of available P in rhizosphere of wheat and maize、inorganic phosphorus、accumulation and distribution of dry matter accumulation and transformation of P、grain yield and the P balance, and find an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and a suitable P concentration of root layer with different types of wheat and maize.The main result was as fellow:1. The content of soil available P present a increasing trend with the raise of P fertilizer application, and there were significant positively relation with the application of P fertilizer and P content. The soil available P in rhizosphere is greater than the non-rhizosphere of Wheat/maize. There was a significant difference in the jointing-flowering period of Wheat/maize with soil phosphorus transformation volume, and it could get the highest amount of phosphorus transformation volume when the amount of phosphorus application was200kg· ha-1.Phosphorus treatment was significantly higher than To treatment, and the growth was gradually increased until the wheat of2011-2012.The Phosphorus in soil has accumulated.2. The total inorganic phosphorus has an increasing trend with the raise of P fertilizer application, and high phosphorus of two crops significant impact on soil inorganic phosphorus component. Inorganic phosphorus fractions in most of the Ca-P accounted for total inorganic phosphorus, and showed a trend of Ca10-P> Ca8-P> Ca2-P. Under low P Ca10-P has a higher proportion with the increase in Ca10-P decline in the proportion of the amount of phosphorus, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P ratio of increase. Wheat biased absorption of Fe-P, the corn quarter deflecting Al-P, Fe-P.3. With the increase of phosphorus fertilizer of Wheat and maize, the amount of dry matter accumulation increased, and every treatment would appear difference in the jointing stage, the growth rate gradually increased. Wheat quarter growth rate is greater than the corn quarter. After consecutive seasons, P treatments the growth rate slightly increased to significantly than To-The amount of phosphorus in the single-season crops, the dry matter growth of more than200kg·ha-1of the treatment is the most obvious effect, however in terms of the amount of phosphorus in the crop rotation of100kg·ha-1dry matter accumulation in growth better. Mowing continuous application of1000kg·ha-1the amount of dry matter accumulation shows without a significant increase in the second year.4. The phosphorus accumulation of Wheat and maize is presented as an extension of the growing period and an increasing trend, and the rate of increase of the P accumulation of the P treatments was greater than non-P treatments, and the wheat season phosphorus growth rate is greater than the maize season. With the extension of the time, accumulation of maize quarter of phosphorus P treatments than the growth rate of the P treatments increased year by year, the wheat quarter growth rate decreased year by year, when wheat applied with more than200kg·ha-1phosphorus fertilizer, the increase was largest.5. The P distribution centre changed with the change of the growth centre in the process of growth of maize, wheat. And the P mainly distributed in leaf blade and stem before silking stage, then the P distribution centre begin changed to ear after silking stage, and it changed to kernel formation gradually. P application could increase in the organ phosphorus accumulation and transfer to the grain growth. Wheat need phosphorus more than maize.Moreover, there were significant relations in the total phosphorus uptake and the rate of P translocation of maize and wheat, and the P translocation rate of maize and wheat had a dominant effect on P utilization efficiency and P harvest index, the P utilization efficiency of wheat had negative correlation with phosphorus harvest index and yield. By improving the plants phosphorus operation rate, especially leaves, spike Phosphorus operation rate can effectively improve phosphorus utilization efficiency of crops.6. The XY335variety efficient phosphorus absorption and utilization of high tolerance to low phosphorus genotype can be identified at the seedling stage or harvest, NE15LD9002varieties late in the growth performance of the efficient use of phosphorus; wheat crop KN9204、ZM22phosphorus absorption resistant the low phosphorus genotypes, in the early fertilizer performance-sensitive, WM18, YZ4110efficient use of phosphorus high and phosphorus genotype, in the latter part of the phosphate fertilizer performance sensitive.7. Of mowing, the regression analysis between the P application rate and yield can be drawn under the conditions of maximum yield P application rate, but not the most appropriate P application rate, with two years of soil phosphorus balance of payments, the cultivated soil available phosphorus variation in phosphorus utilization efficiency is taken into account, can be drawn when continuous phosphorus100kg·ha-1can be balanced soil phosphorus to meet the plant absorption of phosphorus, but when continuous using of phosphorus fertilizer200kg·ha-1can significantly improve the efficient absorption of soil phosphorus status and plant and obtaining high yields. When the using amount of phosphorus fertilizer1000kg·ha-1not only increase production, but will also increase the accumulation of phosphorus in the soil.P accumulation and rhizosphere soil, the occasion of soil available phosphorus content between non-rhizosphere curve fitting can draw the appropriate rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere occasion of soil available phosphorus, after sowing61d rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere occasion of soil phosphorus strength of the LD9002species should get54.62,30.90mg·lg-1, the XY335varieties in the79d after sowing rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil phosphorus for phosphorus strength26.36,21.21mg·kg-1; the KN9204of wheat variety the jointing stage rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere soil for phosphorus strength74.52,27.23mg·kg-1the WM18species in the flowering period rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for phosphorus strength39.11,28.21mg·kg-1, YZ4110species in the flowering period rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil phosphorus supply strength19.85,35.92mg·kg-1the ZM22species.in the rhizosphere of the jointing stage, non-root the occasion of soil available phosphorus content24.13,32.81mg·kg-1. |
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