Analysis Of Different Ecological Types Of Jiaxian Red Cattle And Conservation

The ecological type of JiaXian red cattle in different areas was studied by thecombination of microsatellite makers and morphological markers, for identifying theup-to-date genetic variation of JiaXian red cattle at the molecular level andmorphological characteristic and to probe the ecological type genetic differencebetween the same breed. And then puts forward some conservation suggestions, inorder to provide the basic data and theoretical basis for the protection, developmentand utilize of JiaXian red cattle breed resources. The result as follows:(1) The results showed that208and190and151alleles were detected in75conservation field and central area and41edge region populations by19microsatellite markers, respectively; in each microsatellite locus is10.95and10and7.95, which indicted that the loci were more polymorphic in the three groups thatsuitable for genetic relationship analysis between the populations.(2) Integrated the dominant alleles of different groups, it showed that the threedifferent areas all have different, which may due to the ecological environment, andresulting in big difference in genetic structure.(3) Analysis of the average expected and observed heterozygosity, the averageeffective and observed number of alleles and the mean polymorphism informationcontent in the different populations. Among them, the conservation groups were0.903,0.995,9.878,10.95and0.888; the central area were0.896,0.987,9.136,10and0.879;the edge region were0.880,0.997,7.342,7.95and0.851; respectively. Each index inthe conservation field are higher than the central region and the edge region, Afteranalysis we can find that its closely related to ecological type of the three areas.(4) The variance analysis revealed that its only significantly different (0.05> P>0.01) in the average observed number of alleles in the center region and preservationfield of two Jiaxian Red cattle groups, but the edge region populations showedsignificant difference (P <0.01) between the central region and preservation field ineach index. It means that the three different areas have great relations to the geographical distribution. The Jiaxian Red cattle have been formation to uniqueecological types under the rich ecological conditions of Henan province. So there is abig difference of genetic diversity that closely related to ecological adaptability ineach group.(5) The Fis and Fit value was negative from the coefficient of differentiationanalysis, it showed that the three areas of Jiaxian red cattle group inbreeding degree isnot seriously and have rich heterozygote, which further indicated that the three areasof Jiaxian red cattle has formed a relatively independent system in genetic level thatwith weak differentiation between each subpopulation and have already formation ofa different ecological types according to different geographical.(6) The Nei’s standard genetic distance and cluster analysis calculate resultsshowed that the genetic distance are minimum between center areas and preservationfield of Jiaxian Red cattle populations that have a close relationship, so gatheredtogether first, and then aggregation with the edge region population. It is consistent ofthe ecological geographic distribution in three areas and tell us it has a strong positivecorrelation between geographic distance and genetic distance.(7) Each body size index comparison indicated that the central and edge area inthe aspects of body size traits were all higher than the conservation field population,in which the central area is the biggest one. The geographical factors and productionenvironment have an important influence of the body size index from the ecologicalpoint of view.(8) The statistical results of hair color and angle type display that each region hassubtle differences in Jiaxian red cattle populayions in appearance, as we select relativepurebred one to research when sampling, although the hair color vary betweenindividuals, it can also on behalf of Jiaxian red cattle. It shows that Jiaxian red cattlemaintain the characteristics well as an excellent Chinese local breed and also proof it’sa stability species.(9) The phenotypic differences and molecular genetic basis visible is consistentdifferences in different areas of Jiaxian red cattle, under the long-term effects ofgeographic isolation and environmental influence it has formed a stability localecological variety.(10) The conservation suggestions: the conservation field of Jiaxian red cattleneed priority conservation, but we should keep attention and can not ignore the edgeregion population. And then we should do the germplasm resources analysis andstrengthen the feeding and management, in order to protect the excellent draft andmeat cattle breed.