Comparative Study Of The Diversity Of Endophytic Fungi From Several Plants In Lauraceae And Magnoliaceae

Endophytes are the fungi established inside healthy plant tissues without causing overt symptoms in or apparent injury to the host. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous and diverse. In addition, they are one of the major potential sources for new, useful metabolites. In order to understand endophytic fungus composition and their distribution in different hosts and sites, a total of13species belonging to Lauraceae and Magnoliaceae were collected from Shanghai Botanical Garden and Tianmu Moutain in Zhejiang Province. The results were showed as follow:Endophytic fungi were influenced by the different media. According to the number of strains Shannon-Weiner diversity index, the optimum media were combination of PY and PDA based on isolation of endophytic fungi associated with Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl by using4media, i.e. Potato Dextrose Agar medium, Czapeks’s Dox Agar medium, PolyPeptone Yeast Extract medium and Malt Extract Agar medium.The optimum surface sterilization procedure was75%ethanol1min,2%sodium hypochlorite3min,75%ethanol30s, based on the survey of endophytic fungi associated with C. camphora and Magnolia liliflora Desr. in Shanghai.There was a high diversity of endophytic fungi of these two families. A total of4189isolates were recovered from6168tissue segments of13plants including249individuals, of which were identified into119taxa, including77species of32genera and10taxa placed above family level. Among the119taxa, four were belonged to Basiodiomycota and115to Ascomycota.2400isolates were recovered from3720tissue segments from seven species of Lauraceae, of which were identified into91taxa, including61species of22genera and seven taxa placed above family level. Among the91taxa, four were belonged to Basiodiomycota and87to Ascomycota.1789isolates were recovered from2448tissue segments of six species of Magnoliaceae, of which were identified into79taxa, including56species of17genera and six taxa placed above family level. Among the79taxa, two were belonged to Basiodiomycota and77to Ascomycota. Based on the analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from two families, there were similarly overall colonization rates (CR) in Lauraceae (average52%), the highest was Litsea coreana var. Sinensis (Allen) Yang et P. H. Huang (70.8±12.6%)and the lowest was Lindera reflexa Hemsl.(30.6±15.2%) and Magnoliaceae (average53%), the highest was Magnolia liliflora Desr.(65.6±15.6%)and the lowest was Magnolia liliflora Desr. in Shanghai (41±14.9%) separately. The isolation rate (IR) was higher in Magnoliaceae (average0.73) than in Lauraceae (average0.65). And the CR and IR were significantly affected by sampling sites and seasons. For the different plants, the CR and IR were obvious difference. Furthermore, the samples which was collected in summer was higher than it in autumn.Richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity of endophytic fungi were also significantly affected by the host species, sampling sites and seasons. And they were higher in Tianmu Mountain than in Shanghai Botanical Garden, higher in summer than in autumn. Between different plants, the diversity index and richness were different, but between the level of the host families, no significant difference in diversity index.Community composition of endophytic fungi was greatly affected by hosts. Lauraceae and Magnoliaceae had only one same dominant species, which was Phoma bellidis. Leptosphaeria was only occurred in Lauraceae, and Sporormiaceae sp. was only occurred in Magnoliaceae. Respectively,44.0%and35.4%of the number of species occur only in a family.41taxas, about20%in every family, were only occurred in a plant, with a clear specificity. The two families had the same regnant genus, i.e. Phomopsis、Phoma、and Colletotrichum. But in Lauraceae, Diaporthe was regnant genus.61.5%of the genus had the host specificity, which were occurred in a family.