| This paper focused on the Taishan Domestic Chicken, measured the rule of growth,carcass traits, muscle quality, reproduction performance and eggs quality, and analyzed thegenetic diversity by microsatellite, The results were as follows：1. Cock had greater weight than hen every week in growing period.17-week-old cockweight1368grams, and hen weight1064.2grams. The cock had the fastest growth rate at7-10weeks and hen was at7-9weeks.The cock’s growth rate was significantly higher thanthe hen after7-week-old, and this situation had been extended to the end of the observation.2. The carcass traits of Taishan Domestic Chicken were fine.Its carcass traits at130-day-old were measured.The results indicated that the percentage of dressed weight，percentage of eviscerated yield with giblet，percentage of eviscerated yield in male and femalewere89.6%and87.7%,82.8%and81.1%,67.9%and66.6%.The pH value of breast muscleand leg muscle were6.02and6.22, respectively. Drip loss and water loss rate of breastmuscle was higher than leg muscle, but cooking loss of leg muscle is greater than the breast.Cock’s muscle cut value was greater than hen muscle shear value, the hens muscle tendernesswas better. Except pH, the differences between the cock and hen’s breast muscle and legmuscle were significantly (P <0.05). Water percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle werebetween73%~76%, Crude protein content of breast muscle and leg muscle in male were24.45%and19.36%, those in female were25.42%and20.46%．Percentage of crude fat ofbreast muscle and leg muscle in male were1.87%and3.25%, respectively. Percentage ofcrude fat of breast muscle and leg muscle in female were1.86%and3.63%, respectively. Thecrude ash content of breast muscle and leg muscle in male were1.12%and1.05%, those infemale were1.10%and1.05%.The difference of percentage of water,crude ash,crude proteinand crude fat between male and female was not significant.In addition to the crude ash,thebreast and leg muscle of cock and hen, were significantly different (P <0.05) in moisture,crude protein, crude fat content. 3. The average age of first egg was165-170day-old, and the average egg weight of firstegg was30.57g.The average egg weight of Taishan Domestic Chicken during44weeks was46.38g,index of egg shape was1.33,eggshell intensity was4.37kg/cm2,eggshell thickness was0.32mm， hangh unit was76.74,the proportion of egg yolk was30.01%,and58.5%, theproportion of egg white was58.5%.The result of egg quality testing showed,significantpositive correlation existed in the intensity of eggshell,thickness of eggshell,eggshell weightand yolk weight.The hangh unit and the protein have the positive correlation,but theproportion of egg yolk had negative correlation.The average fertility of Taishan DomesticChicken was87%, the hatchability of fertility egg was91%.4．Hybrid chicken’s growth rate was more than Taishan Domestic Chicken, and less thanfast sesame chicken, the average weight of the17-week hybrid chicken was1667.8g, butthere was no significant difference between hybrid chicken and Taishan Domestic chicken inmeat performance (P <0.05), which indicated the hybrid chicken took into account theadvantages of fast large sesame chicken and Taishan Domestic chicken, grew faster and hadbetter meat characteristics.5. Microsatellite loci of Taishan Domestic Chicken had rich genetic diversity and highheterozygosity, the average heterozygosity was0.6998, the polymorphism was better.The PICwas0.6536, the genetic variation was greater.In a word,the groups had larger space in furtherpurification.To sum up, the growth and development performance, meat production performance, meatquality, reproductive performance and egg quality of Taishan Domestic chicken haveoutstanding performance, indicating that Taishan Domestic chicken is worth promoting.Microsatellite markers detected Taishan Domestic chicken had abundant genetic diversity,which provide a theoretical basis for the Taishan Chaiji further breeding. |
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