| 78garlic resources were selected from the main cultivation areas in China and abroadused to study the relationship between main agronomic characters and yield of garlic from theperspective of planting and cultivation. These garlic resources have been classified accordingto the purpose of cultivating. And then the physiological basis of growth and developmentcharacteristics, yield and quality of the different types of garlic were studied, in theconventional management conditions. The main findings were as follows:1Garlic main agronomic traits has a larger coefficient of variation with11.1%to64.0%,indicating that garlic has a wealth of genetic diversity, despite it is asexual reproduction. Themain agronomic traits of garlic were studied by correlation analysis, path analysis, principalcomponent analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, the results showed that bulb yieldwere effected by the main factors which were cross diameter of bulb, bulbil length,number ofbulbils, diameter of pseudostems and leaf number. And the main factors which effected theyield of garlic blots were the scape diameter, plant height and number of bulbils.2Principal component analysis showed that the garlic bulb and garlic bolt have the samecomprehensive agronomic traits, including “plant type factor”,”garlic bolts factor” and “budscales factor”.“Plant type factor” and “bud scales factor” in the same direction on the role ofbulb and bolt, that is tall plants, developed leaves, smaller leaf angle and larger bud scales areconducive to increased weight of garlic bulb and bolt. But “Garlic bolts factor” has contraryaffect for the garlic bulbs and garlic bolts，performance that longer and thicker bolt is notconducive to the growth of the bulb, but help to increase the weight of bolt.3A systematic cluster method was adopted for classifying78garlic germplasmresources according to their growth potential, fertility period, yield of bulbs per year andyield of bolts per year, meanwhile the characteristics of the different groups were analyzed atthe same time. The results indicated that all the tested garlic cultivars can be divided into2groups, bolting garlic (I) and unbolting garlic (II). While the bolting garlic (I) can also bedivided into3subclasses, Ⅰa、Ⅰb andⅠc. The average weight of single garlic bolts of Ⅰa was17.9g，which was11.2%and15.5%higher than that of Ⅰb and Ⅰc,respectively.However the weight of garlic bulbⅠa was32.2%lower than that ofⅠb, and the fertilityperiod is8.7days longer than that of Ⅰc. Consequently, Ⅰa,Ⅰb andⅠc were namedrespectively as bolts-bulb-dual-purpose varieties, bulb-bolts-dual-purpose varieties and earlybolting varieties. However, the unbolting garlic (II) has little value for cultivate because of itspoor growth vigor, longer fertility period and smaller bulb.4The phenology is different of different types of garlic. Pengxian Precocity’sphenology and the formation period of bolt and bulb was earlier than other varieties, and itsgrowth period was less than Cangshan Puke for15d. Cangshan Puke’s selenium content was0.31mg/kg, more than Pengxian precocious for55%, simultaneously it had the highestvitamin C and soluble protein content, its nutritional quality was highest. Jinxiang Purple’sbulb yield was highest by1507.8kg/667m~2, with the Cangshan Puke had the highest boltyield of542.1kg/667m~2.5The photosynthetic capacity is different among different types of garlic. And JinxiangPurple’s photosynthetic capacity was highest with Pengxian Soft-leaf was minimum. Garlichad the highest photosynthetic capacity in bolting periods, the photosynthetic rate of JinxiangPurple was higher than the Pengxian Soft-leaf of38.4%. The aging period of PengxianPrecocity was earlier, to mid-may its photosynthetic rate was decreased significantly andlower than Cangshan Puke of44.36%.6The activity of SOD and POD and content of proline and MDA of garlic wasincreased significantly and garlic subjected to low temperature stress from the seedling stageinto the winter period. The SOD activity, POD activity and proline content of Jinxiang Purplewas highest with the MDA content was minimum in this period. Cangshan Puke was poorthan Jinxiang Purple and the Pengxian Soft-leaf was worst. The orders of the resistance tocold were as follows: Jinxiang Purple> Cangshan Puke> Pengxian Precocity> PengxianSoft-leaf.7The activity of SOD and POD and content of proline and MDA of garlic wasincreased in may, garlic subjected to high temperature stress with the temperature increasing.Cangshan Puke had the lowest MDA content (21.01μmol kg-1), with Pengxian Soft-leaf hadthe highest (24.7μmol kg-1). The orders of the heat resistance were as follows: Cangshan Puke> Jinxiang Purple> Pengxian Precocity> Pengxian Soft-leaf. |
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