Study On The Influence Factors And Countermeasures Of Early Hybrid Rice Production In Hunan Province

Hunan province is the main rice production areas and the birthplace of hybrid rice. It is important strategic significance to develope early hybrid rice production in Hunan, Which can help Hunan province keep the leading position in China, and ensure the effective national grain supply,and promote the development of modern agriculture. In order to explore effective countermeasures, fully tap the potential yield of early hybrid rice, promote agricultural efficiency and farmers income, and protect national food security contribution, blocking factors of early hybrid rice production were studied in Hunan.On the one hand, early hybrid rice production was investigated in Hunan through furthering rice farmer, agricultural administrative department, agricultural extension services, enterprises operation, and adopting questionnaire, holding seminars site investigation, surveing the real situation. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire, data, information, and related literature about early hybrid rice in Hunan, the main influence factors of early hybrid rice production was found in-depth in Hunan. On the other hand, related problem was discussed with agricultural management experts, technology experts, entrepreneurs, larger rice planting grower. Opinions and suggestions were widely solicited, and effective measures were explored for development of early hybrid rice in Hunan.Research results show that four influencing factors mainly block the early hybrid rice development in Hunan.1, The enthusiasm of farmers planting early hybrid rice is not high. First, because of low economic benefit. the average income of the double cropping rice is570yuan/mu.Second, the subsidies are not reasonable.compared with one season rice, the national grain subsidies on double rice more than only10yuan/mu. Third, yield can increase by planting hybrid early rice, but income will not increase. in Hunan planting hybrid early rice yield less than conventional rice57.5yuan/mu.2, Seed enterprises are unwilling to produce early hybrid rice seed. First the profit rate is low. Early hybrid rice seed profit is2.8yuan/kg, equal to1/3of profit of middle-season hybrid rice seed. Second, the seed production risk is big, because of unqualified seed germination rate, turning business of early hybrid rice seed cause big losses every year.3, Rice industry development is restricted by some factors. First, land transfer system is not perfect, only10%of the planting rice large farmers signed more than5year land leasing contract. Second, bad infrastructure conditions, more than85%of Hunan’s irrigation and water conservancy facilities is failure because of old. Third, cost of production has increased every year, farming endowment cost rose more than10%. Forth, the mechanization degree of seed production is low at present, Hunan transplanting area by machine rate is only4.8%.4, The lack of new breakthrough hybrid rice varieties. Rice variety number is big but the performance is not outstanding.Because of higher homogenization degree, the largest planting acreage of each specie decreased2.1times than the "seven five" period. Old varieties were replaced slowly. Leading rice variety in hybrid rice field approved before2008.The new variety demonstration network is not perfect.moreover because of farmers’ understanding of new varieties, variety extension was delayed.The development of early hybrid rice seed production in Hunan should take the following measures, improving the rice subsidy mechanism,the land transfer system, the efficiency of rice industry and the enthusiasm of farmers growing rice, enhancing national grain production subsidies policies,apropriately increasing profit for early hybrid rice seed,financial support and the enthusiasm of seed production of hybrid rice company, perfecting agriculture socialization service system, cultivating double rice planting farmer more and new hybrid rice varieties, widely developing new varieties demonstration. New commercial breeding system should be constructed which the enterprise is the main body. Cooperation between research institutes and seed enterprise should be trengthened. In order to achieve high and stable yield of early hybrid rice, the resources of temperature and light should be used reasonably in double rice cropping system, strengthening the reasonable collocation of early hybrid rice and late rice, fully tap the double cropping rice yield potential.