Investigation On Biological Characteristics And Effects Of Fruit Thinning And Bagging On Quality Of Chuanzao Loquat

Chuanzao Loquat is grafted,expanding propagated and breeded from its natural branches via bud mutation. Through cultivation of many years in Xiaoguan Village in Hanyuan,the prematurity and fruit quality of Zaozhong6are obviously superior to its seed tree.The four-year-old Chuanzao Loquat in Loquat Garden in Xiaoguan Village was chosen as material and matched with biology research and observation in phenological phase.Additionally the differences among Zaozhong6in the same region were compared.The cultivation measures suitable with the biological characteristics of Chuanzao Loquat were recommended due to effections upon the fruit quality and output of Chuanzao Loquat from different disposes of sheath and pocket as well as retention amount of fruit.The main results showed that:1.The biological characters of Chuanzao Loquat that included features and growing characteristics of site, branches, vanes, flowers, fruits and seeds.2.The phenological phase of Chuanzao Loquat, which could germinate four times a year in Hanyuan. In a general way, spring shoot occurred in midmonth of February, summer shoot occurred in the first ten-day period of May, autumn shoot occurred in last ten-day period of September and the tree with abundant nutrition winter shoot could slightly germinate in the first ten-day period of December. The duration of florescence was longer and the evident florescence interval divided the blooming of Chuanzao Loquat into three stages.The first stage was the midmonth and the last ten-day period of July,when both fruit setting ratio and output were lower because of higher temperature and drier weather,the fruits would be ripe in the first ten-day period and midmonth of January.The second stage was the midmonth and the last ten-day period of September,when both quantity of flowers and output of fruits was larger,the fruits would be ripe between the end of February and the first ten-day period of March.The third stage was the midmonth and the last ten-day period of November,and the fruits would be ripe in the first ten-day period and midmonth of April.3.The quantity of flowers of Chuanzao Loquat was greater,the fruit setting ratio after flower thinning was higher,but the difference of fruit setting ratio among disparate florescence was significant influenced by climate so that the natural fruit setting ratio reached from11.4%to19.1%.The growth and development of fruit could be separated into three phases,that was young fruit phase,expanding rapidly phase and maturation period.4.The germinating ratio and blooming ratio of the new top log of Chuanzao Loquat were higher,the quantity of new top log could reach from169to208every year,the average number was178and the ratio between branches with fruits and branches with nutrition was3:1.The first batch of maternal branches with fruits transformed from blooming branches were mainly occupied by maternal branches with short-term bearing fruits,then follow-up maternal branches with fruits were primarily consisted by side shoots.5.Differences between Chuanzao Loquat and Zaozhong6exist in many properties such as tree form,vanes,flowers and fruits,among there was a significant difference between vanes and flowers.Compared with Zaozhong6,the site and branch of Chuanzao Loquat were weaker,but its vanes were longer,more narrow and more colourful,the body was thicker and stronger,the fruit was more enormous,the content of solid-state substance was clearly increased and the quality was better. Chuanzao Loquat germinates,blooms and ripens fruits all earlier than Zaozhong6.1n Hanyuan the former appears on the market20to50days ahead of schedule than the latter.6.The first batch of fruits of Chuanzao Loquat were the most expensive,but the output and the proportion of good fruits were lower. The second batch of fruits had larger volumes and stronger taste,the single-plant output reached64.43%and the proportion of good fruits reached84.95%. Considerable economic benefits would come from the second batch of fruits.The shape index of the third batch of fruits had great change and the fruits were flat and round.7.Disposes of sheath and pocket lessened the content of solid-state substance and sugar of Chuanzao Loquat and improved its flavor and quality of appearance so that the commercialization could be promoted.It was beneficial for pocket with lower transmittance to improve the fruit quality.8.The weight of an individual fruit was notably decreased with reserved fruits increasing.The average weight of an individual fruit was55.32g once two fruits were reserved,when the proportion of good fruits could reach88.13%,but the single-plant output was lower.The single-plant output and fruits quality were higher and the economic benefits became optimal when three fruits were reserved.If four and more fruits were reserved,the volume of fruit would be seriously influenced and the commercialization should also be inflicted heavy losses.