Research On Forest Ecosystem Services And Health Of Badaling Shifosi In Beijing

In this study, used7different artificial forests as the research object in mountain ofBeijing, study the different forests litter and soil hydrological effect, soil physicochemicalproperties and biological effects, the species diversity of shrub, tree growth andproductivity of different forest, ecological service function and landscape health,evaluation of the research area of artificial forest comprehensive effect, provides the theorybasis for forest health assessment in mountain of Beijing.The results showed that:(1) The litter total storage capacity was about9.47t·hm-2～20.82t·hm-2, themaximum water holding capacity ranged from15.96t·hm-2to51.97t·hm-2, the modifiedinterception amount of Juglans Mandshurica Maxim pure forest was the strongest to40.48t·hm-2, the modified interception capacity was about12.35t·hm-2～40.48t·hm-2;Water holding capacity and soaking time of without decomposition litter andsemi-decomposition litter both had visible logarithmic relationship, absorption rate andimmersion time was power function relationship.(2) pure populus forest water conservation capacity was the strongest. The average ofsoil bulk density ranged from0.91g·cm-3to1.24g·cm-3,total soil porosity was about39.39%～58.94%; The soil water-holding capacity of Populus Davidiana pure forest wasthe most powerful to86.03t·hm-2,and Pinus Armandii Franch pure forest was the worstto22.23t·hm-2,infiltration rate and infiltration fit time was power function. Comprehensiveanalysis, Juglans mandshurica pure forest water conservation capacity was the strongest.(3)7different kinds of forest soil pH value was weak acidity, the range4.70～7.55;different layers for surface soil organic matter (0cm-10cm)＞Middle (10cm-20cm)＞lower (20cm-40cm), organic means24.28g·kg-1～58.15g·kg-1; soil total phosphoruscontents were2.94g·kg-1～6.58g·kg-1; Mean total soil nitrogen content as1.20g·kg-1～2.83g·kg-1; soil available potassium in content value69.39mg·kg-1～227.70mg·kg-1;values of soil available phosphorus content in4.25mg·kg-1～8.02mg·kg-1; soil nitratecontent is3.30mg·kg-1～12.10mg·kg-1; soil ammonium nitrogen content is0.65mg·kg-1～ 1.91mg·kg-1.Taken together, increases with the thickness of soil nutrient content in soilreduced soil nutrient concentrations than coniferous forests of broad-leaved forests.(4) The order of soil microbial quantity in different forest stands was bacteria＞fungi＞actinomycetes, which showed that the percentage of bacteria to all microbe was from98.21%to99.74%, the percentage of fungi was from0.02%to1.18%and the percentage ofactinomycetes was from0.23%to1.23%. The order of soil microbial quantity in differentforest stands type wasbroad-leaved mixed forest> Pure pinus armandi forest>miscellaneous wood forest> pure Armandii forest>pure bungeana forest> pure populusforest> pure Pinus forest..(5) Soil enzyme activity in different forest types exhibit0cm～10cm soil enzymeactivity is relatively large in vertical distribution, with the increase of soil depth decreasedenzyme activity. Juglans mandshurica plantation soil invertase, urease, acid phosphataseactivity was maximum, the catalase activity of thebroad-leaved mixed forest.(6) Shrub number between6~10, herb number between9～19, the shrubMenhinick value is between1.02～2.04, Menhinick value1.27～2.32herbs, shrubsSimpson means number between0.67～0.83, herbal Simpson index in0.71～0.90,Shannon-Wiener index on the2.69～3.13between shrubs, herbs the Shannon-Wienerindex is between3.41～4.58, the Jsw value ranges from1.28～1.60shrub, herb Jsw valuesin the range of1.38～1.84. Index of Pinus tabulaeformis Plantation diversity, Juglansmandshurica plantation maximum of evenness index.(7) The application method of the relative growth of tree layer (stem, branch, leaf,root and the whole plant) the biomass and productivity of quantitative research, andanalysis of the biomass regression relationship. The results show that: the trunk, branchesand whole plant biomass and tree height, diameter at breast height was power functionrelationship between roots and leaves, biomass and tree height, DBH were two polynomialrelation, and R＞0.81; different species biomass of each organ are different; the treelayer biomass in29.56t·hm-2～135.09t·hm-2, order of miscellaneous wood forest> purePinus forest>broad-leaved mixed forest> pure pinus armandi forest>pure bungeanaforest> pure populus forest> pure Armandii forest; net productivity is in the range of2.06t·hm-2·a~9.44t·hm-2·a, from big to small order of broad-leaved mixed forest> purePinus forest> miscellaneous wood forest>pure bungeana forest> Pure pinus armandiforest> pure populus forest> pure Armandii forest.Different stand biomass of each organaccumulation in roots and stems, productive accumulation mainly to the trunk andbranches.(8) The biodiversity has the greatest total value and nutrient substance accumulation has the least total value per unit area of forest stands. The factors that has the value indescending order goes as: biodiversity (RMB90,000hm-2·a-1), water conservation(RMB57,800hm-2·a-1), carbon fixation and oxygen releasing (RMB54,900hm-2·a-1), soilconservation (RMB8000hm-2·a-1), nutrient substance accumulation (RMB7500hm-2·a-1).The pure Pinus forest has the greatest forest ecological service function total value whilethe pure Armandii forest has the least forest ecological service function total value per unitarea of different forest stands. The forests that have the total value in descending order goas: pure Pinus forest, pure pinus armandi forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, pure bungeanaforest, pure populus forest, miscellaneous wood forest, pure Armandii forest. Few forestlands, which take up20.46%in local forestry area, remain in a very healthy and healthyforest ecosystem health conditions, while the rest of forest lands take up80.54%in localforestry area remain in sub-healthy and unhealthy conditions. In combining with the forestecosystem service function and forest health, it could be obtained that the forest ecosystemservice function is consistent with forest health levels. Namely, the ecological servicefunction total value of unhealthy forest stands per unit area is less thanRMB20,000·hm-2·a-1; ecological service function total value of sub-healthy and healthyforest stand per unit area are from RMB20,000·hm-2·a-1to RMB35,000·hm-2·a-1and fromRMB35,000·hm-2·a-1to RMB45,000·hm-2·a-1respectively; ecological service function totalvalue of very healthy forest stand per unit area would be greater than RMB45,000·hm-2·a-1.