Research On The Function Of Forest Ecosystem Of Phoenix Mountain Nature Reserve In Liaoning Province

Research on the nature reserve of Phoenix mountain in Chaoyang City of the Liaoning province, chosing four kinds of ecosystem types, which are Quercus liaotungensis forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Ulmus macrocarpa forest and Tilia amurensis forest, and analyzed the nutrient content, Nutrients accumulation and Nutrient cycling efficiency of overground biomass, litter layer, soil layer and root layer. Used Geostatistics etc. Methods to analyze the spatial heterogeneity and distribution of the soil moisture of different ecosystems, and used Health Distance method to access the four kinds of different ecosystems quantificationally, bringing forward suggestions of ecosystem management. As a result, some conclusions was proposed.(1) With the increase of the soil depth within the scope of the 0-30cm layer of Q. liaotungensis forest, P. tabulaeformis forest, U. macrocarpa forest and T. amurensis forest, six index which are Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available nitrogen, Available phosphorus. Available potassium, C/N ratio decreased, and the Total potassium increased, and the changing regulation of the total phosphorus was not obvious. N, P, K total accumulation of soil in 4 types of eco-system arranged with a sequence as below: U. macrocarpa forest>.P tabulaeformis forest>T. amurensis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest; the biomass as below:T. amurensis forest>Q. liaotungensis foTest>P. tabulaeformis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>; content of C overground plants: Q. liaotungensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>T. amurensis forest; content of N overground plants: T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest; content of P overground plants: T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest; content of K overground plants:T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest; litter accumulation :P. tabulaeformis forest>T. amurensis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest, the C content of litter:T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest.This is the same sorting with the content of organic matter of soil basically, little difference among the three.Total retaining quantity(including N, P, K) in 4 types of ecosystem arranged with a sequence as below: U. macrocarpa forest> Q. liaotungensis forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>T. amurensis forest; otal retaining quantity(including N, P, K) Total nutrient return of N, P, Kwas : P. tabulaeformis forest >T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>Q. liaotungensis forest. The average of N, P, K retaining percentage was:Q. liaotungensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>T. amurensis forest>P. tabulaeformis forest, this shows that Q. liaotungensis forest , U. macrocarpa forest have stronger ability to absorb nutrients from soil and stored in plants. Although U. macrocarpa forest has the least biomass, it has the best retaining percentage in a year. The average of N, P, K nutrient cycling rate was : P. tabulaeformis forest(0.4)>T. amurensis forest(0.36)> U. macrocarpa forest(0.21)>Q. liaotungensis forest(0.15), it shows that nutrients of P. tabulaeformis forest have faster velocity in ecosystem circulation. The average of N, P, K nutrient use efficiency was : T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest.(2) With the increase in soil depth, the soil moisture of P. tabulaeformis forest, U. macrocarpa forest, T. amurensis forest shows from the surface to the bottom semi-decomposition horizon>humus horizon>eluvial horizon>parent material horizon gradually decreasing trend. With the increase in soil depth, Q. liaotungensis forest has the opposite trend to soil moisture. In four kinds of ecosystems volumetric water content, mass water content from upper slope to lower slope shows a growing trend, lower slope>middle slope>Upper slope.The even soil bulk density of the 4 types of eco-system in upper slope have no significant difference, that on middle slope and lower slope have significant difference. Among the boundary layers of soil(semi-decomposition horizon, humus horizon, eluvial horizon), (parent material horizon), the difference of soil bulk density in U. macrocarpa forest is greater than Q. liaotungensis forest, T. amurensis forest, P. tabulaeformis forest in sequence; the difference of mass water content of T. amurensis forestis greater than Q. liaotungensis forest, U. macrocarpa forest, P. tabulaeformis forest in sequence; the difference of volumetric water content of T. amurensis forestis greater than U. macrocarpa forest, Q. liaotungensis forest, P. tabulaeformis forestin sequence. The results are mainly affected by site condition and soil bulk density. The even mass water content(August) on upper slope have significant difference and that on middle slope and lower slope have significant difference. That of T. amurensis forest is significantly higher than the other three types. volumetric water content and mass water content basically keep unanimity. volumetric water content(August):Q.liaotungensis forest(semi-decomposition horizon and eluvial horizon) , P. tabulaeformis forest semi-decomposition horizon, P. tabulaeformis forestHumus horizon and T. amurensis forest (parent material horizon) is consistent with the linear model, and spatial autocorrelation distance is smaller. U.macrocarpa forest (decomposition horizon) (semi-decomposition horizon+humus horizon), U. macrocarpa forest (parent material horizon), P. tabulaeformis foreste(luvial horizon), P. tabulaeformis forest (parent material horizon), T. amurensis forest (decomposition horizon) attribute to Gaussian model. the litter of the volume of storage water for 4 types of ecosystems shows in sequence: P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest>T. amurensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest; the volume of storage water in the root was: T. amurensis forest>P. tabulaeformis forest> U. macrocarpa forest>Q. liaotungensis forest; the soil layer of (0-3cm)the volume of storage water showed:T. amurensis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest>P. tabulaeformis forest> U. macrocarpa forest; the soil layer of (4-30cm)the volume of storage water was:T. amurensis forest>P. tabulaeformis forest>Q. liaotungensis forest> U. macrocarpa forest.(3) In structural perspective accessing the 4 types of ecosystems the health degree of Q. liaotungensis forest is greater than U. macrocarpa forest, T. amurensis forest, P. tabulaeformis forest in in sequence; accessing from the functions, health state of T. amurensis forest is greater than U. macrocarpa forest, P. tabulaeformis forest, Q. liaotungensis forest in sequence; accessing from structure-function synthetically, health state of T. amurensis forest is greater than U. macrocarpa forest, P. tabulaeformis forest, Q. liaotungensis forest in sequence.