The Diversity Of Soil Fungal In North Slope Of Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve

The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve is the best-preserved ecosystem in the wholeEurasia and an ideal region for studying biological diversity. From July to September in2011and2012,295soil samples were collected in zigzag route by means of multipoint sampling indifferent types of forest and soil within elevation of700-2600m in the north slope ofChangbai Mountain. From which totally1864fungal isolates were obtained by method ofsoil-diluting plate and soil particle plate.72species belonging to21fungal genera weremorphologically identified, including two newly recorded species for China, namelyTolypocladium cylindrosporum and T. geodes. All these fungi include two species beolongingto two genera of Ascomyctes, five species belonging to four genera of Zygomyctes, and65species belong to15genera of anamorphic fungi. These fungi were all illustrated anddescribed with morphological pictures.The results indicate that the soil fungal populations were plentiful at elevation of1700mto1900m, especially1800m in Changbai mountain,. The psychrophilous fungi mostlyappeared at elevation of2300m to2500m. The genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus,Trichoderma and Tolypocladium were the predominant groups of soil fungi in each type offorests. The genus of Paecilomyces mostly growed under elevation of2000m. The genus ofPenicillium was vigorouly distributed at elevation of1700m to2400m. While the genus ofAspergillus was exactly the opposite. The genus of Trichoderma was also plentiful atelevation of2100m. The isolation frequency of Tolypocladium gradually increased with thethe altitude up to2500m. The species of Penicillium montanense, P. funiculosum, P. paxilli,Aspergillus sydowii, A. tubingensis, Trichoderma atroviride and Paecilomyces variotii werethe dominant soil fungal species in Changbai Mountain.The quantities of soil fungal populations and species richness ranged in sequence of July> August> September in the two years of investigation in Changbai Mountain. The diversityindex and evenness index of the soil fungi showed the characteristics of September> August> July. The isolation frequency of Penicillium ranged in sequence of July> August>September, and Aspergillus and Tolypocladium showed exactly the opposite trend. Theisolation frequencie of Trichoderma and Paecilomyces showed no obvious regularity.Additionally rDNA-ITS sequencing analysis was conducted to indentify the three speciesof Tolypocladium. In order to understand the fungicide-endurance of more Trichodermaspecies isolated from Changbai Mountain for biopesticide developement, they wereinvestigated by mixture with Carbendaizm and Topsin-M. Carbendaizm is the preferredmixtures chemical fungicide.