The Monitoring Of Microclimate In Goat Shed And The Developing Of New Facilities For Goat In Jianghuai Region

Jianghuai region (Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu etc) is the preponderant producing region ofmeat goat that is projected by the ministry of agriculture. There are abundant fodder grassand rural labor force that are suitable to develop goat industry. But the hot and humidclimate in summer is very bad for the health and production of goat. There are rich naturalgrassland resources in Jianghuai region, but it cannot make full use of the rich naturalgrassland resources of mountain slopes. In order to solve the main problems that block thedevelopment of meat goat industry in Jianghuai region, this experiment had made along-term environmental monitoring and contrastive analysis to the common double topslatted floor fenestrated and airtight goat shed and single pitch roof slatted floor semi-opengoat shed in South China. Our research group had mastered the change rule ofmicroclimate environment in goat shed, and had researched and developed a moving goatshed and ancillary facilities independently. The main results were as follows:1.Detection and Evaluation of Microclimatic Ambient Air in Goat Shed in JianghuaiRegion in summerThis study has for two years detected and analyzed the air environmental indicators indouble-sloped airtight goat houses with windows and slatted floor, the most commonlyseen type of goat house in Southern China, in summer in Jianghuai region. The resultsshowed:①daily mean temperature, relative humidity, airflow velocity, illuminance, noiseand concentration of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in such goat houses in the hottest monthin summer were30.5。C、70.2%、0.16m/s、99.45lx、49.82dB、1.98mg/m3、0.060%respectively. All indicators meet the required standards of environmental hygiene but thedaily mean temperature.?Measurement in different sampling points of goat housesshowed that characteristics of space distribution of each above-mentioned parameters werenot very apparent.③As outside environment changed, daily mean temperatures andrelative humidity in the sampling points changed with it apparently. The shitf wasrelatively steadily in January, while temepratures in rainy days dropped fairly significantly(6.9。C). Average temperature difference between days and nights during the trial periodwas2.3。C. Average indoor and outdoor temperature difference in the goat houses was1。.8C.④Daily and monthly concentration of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the samplingsites shitfed slightly.⑤There was a significant negative correlation between temperatureand relative humidity of the air in the sampling sites(r=-0.9818，P〈0.0f), while asignificant positive correlation between the concentration of nitrogen and the temperatureand relative humidity of the air (R=0.8702，P〈0.0S). It is recognized on the basis of thecomprehensive evaluation that microclimatic environment of double-sloped airtight goathouse with windows and slatted lfoor is basically in accordance with biologicalcharacteristics of environmental hygiene and goats. Thus this type of goat house is suitablefor promotion and application in Jianghuai region, only it is necessary to take certainmeasures to lower the temperature in it in hot summer.2.A comparative analysis of climatic environment quality of three types of goat shedin summer in southern ChinaStructures of goat shed and stocking density are key factors which determine microclimatic conditions of the goat shed in hot summer. In order to correctly evaluatesuitability of the goat shed and properly design the stocking density, this study examinedthe air parameters of three types of goat shed, which are double-sloped airtight type withwindows and slatted floor, single slope semi-open type with slatted floor and mobile goatshed designed by our research group independently. The examination result reveals thatsome indicators in mobile goat shed, such as average temperature, relative humidity andammonia concentration, are significantly lower than double-sloped airtight with windowsand slatted floor and single slope semi-open type with slatted floor (!*<0.01)，so is theconcentration of carbon dioxide (P<0. OS). The air temperature of single slope semi-opengoat shed is slightly lower, compared with that in double-sloped airtight type withwindows and slatted floor. And the relative humidity is significantly higher iP<O.OJ)，butconcentration of ammonia is greatly lower (P<0.0/). When the rearing density halved(0.95head/m~2)， there is a measurable reduction in relative humidity and concentration ofammonia and cardon dioxide in double-sloped airtight goat she(1(/^<0.01). Acomprehensive analysis indicates that microclimatic environment in mobile goat shed issignificantly better than that in double-sloped airtight type and single slope semi-open typein summer. A comparison between the latter two types of goat shed shows that each ofthem has its advantages and disadvantages, and the decrease in density in summer wouldgreatly improve the microcliamatic environment in both airtight goat shed with widowsand semi-open type of goat shed.3.The research and development of moving goat shed and ancillary facilitiesAccording to the climate characteristics in South, the types of grassland resource, thelife habits of goat and the manufacture requirement in rural area, on the basis of the theoryof architecture and engineering science, following the principle “simple construction, lowcost, easy operation", adjusting measures to local conditions and using local materials, ourresearch group researched and developed a series of facility instruments that were suitableto goat breeding conditions on Southern lawn, mainly including Southern lawn movinggoat shed, combined type forage rack, package fence, portable grass cutter and so on.These facility instruments have many good qualities, such as low total investment, low cost,good microenvironment, easy moving, unitized management，standardized production.They have been used in Anhui, Guizhou, Hubei etc，and the weight gain of goats in movinggoat shed is higher than that in fixed goat shed. Besides, goats in moving goat shed havelow morbidity, high economic benefit. Moving goat shed and ancillary facilities are verysuitable to small and medium size goat breeding enterprises and extensive goat feeders.4.Design and applicability research of new lamb feeding deviceIn order to solve the problem of early weaning and to improve the phenomenon oflacking milk in the lamb production, our research group researched and developed thesimple type lamb feeding device and intensive lamb feeding device independently, thisexperiment used new lamb feeding devices to fourteen lambs of15days age to comparefeeding effects in the same environment, there are7lambs in both control group andexperimental group. Feeding pure milk to lambs in the control group, and feeding soybeanmilk powder to lambs in the experimental group, through the actual production of the lambfeeding device in the practical research, and measured the body weight, withers height,bust and body inclined length of the two groups respectively at the age of twenty days, forty days and sixty days. To explore the influence that the lambs growth performancesoybean milk powder had on the lambs, the results showed that: the average total weightgain of the experimental group was6.11kg, which was outclass than4.89kg in the controlgroup, the difference was significant {P<0. OS); body height, body length and chestcircumference did not show significant difference {P>0.05)\the new feeding device thatour designed has many good peculiarities, such as cheap cost of construction, convenientto remove and light material, even can feed many lambs at the same time，can guaranteethe normal feeding, development and growth of lambs. But there are still some problems ininsulation and fixing. The results showed that feeding soybean milk powder can promotethe body weight gain, growth and development of early weaning lambs, at the same time,we should strive to solve the appeared problems that long induction period and diarrhea ofthe early weaning of lambs.