| This experiment was conducted to study effects of adding bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar to the diets contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) on growing performance,hematologic indexes, serum biochemical indexes,viscera indexes,serum free amino acids,oxidation resistance and small intestinal morphology of weaner piglets.A total of28crossbred (DurocxLandrace×Large white) weaner piglets with an average body weight of (12.19±0.18) kg were randomly assigned to4groups with7replicates per group and1piglet in each replicate.The4groups were as following: control group (a basal diet),DON group (the basal diet+DON),bamboo-carbon group (the basal diet+DON+2%bamboo-carbon),bamboo vinegar group (the basal diet+DON+1%bamboo vinegar).The experimental period lasted for37d.The results showed as follow:1) compared with the control group,average daily gain (ADG) in DON group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain were increased significantly (P<0.05);compared with the DON group,ADG,average daily feed intake (ADFI) had a raised trend (P>0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain in bamboo vinegar group had a decreased trend (P>0.05).2) On d15of the experiment, the red blood cell (RBC) count in DON group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05),there was no significant difference in RBC count between bamboo-carbon group and control group (P>0.05),but that in bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo-carbon group (P<0.05);the hematocrit (HCT) in DON group and bamboo-carbon group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in hematologic indexes among DON group,bamboo-carbon group,bamboo vinegar group and control group on d30of the experiment (P>0.05).3) There was no influence on serum contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG),immunoglobulin M (IgM) and glucose (GLU) and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) in the whole experimental period.On d15of the experiment,the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum in DON group and bamboo vinegar group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between bamboo-carbon group and control group (P>0.05). On d30of the experiment, the serum content of total protein (TP) in DON group was significantly decreased compared with control group and bamboo vinegar group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group, bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05). On d37of the experiment, the serum content of urea nitrogen (UN) in DON group was significantly higher than that in control group and bamboo vinegar group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among bamboo-carbon group, bamboo vinegar group and control group (P>0.05).4) There was no significant difference in the liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, gall bladder, thymus indexes between the experiment group and control group (P>0.05), but the liver index in DON group had a raised trend, but no significant difference (P>0.05).5)On d15of the experiment, there was no significant difference in Arg, His,Ile, Ile, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Tyr, Val, Gly, Ser, Tau, Trp, Asn, Asp, Cit, Glu, Gln, Orn, Cys, Abu, Ala, Car, Hyp,1MHis, Pro, EAA, NEAA, TAA, EAA/NEAA between the experiment group and control group (P>0.05), but the Arg, His,Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Thr, Val, Tau, Tyr, Asn, Asp, Cit, Glu, Gin, Cys, Abu, Ala, Car, Hyp,1MHis, Pro, EAA, NEAA, TAA, EAA/NEAA in DON group had a decreased trend (P>0.05); compared with the DON group, Arg, His, Leu, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, Gly, Tau, Tyr, Asn, Asp, Cit, Abu, Car, Hyp, Pro, EAA, EAA/NEAA had a raised trend in bamboo-carbon group (P>0.05), Arg, His, Leu, Lys, Thr, Val, Tau, Tyr, Asn, Asp, Cit, Gln, Cys, Car, Hyp, Pro, EAA, NEAA, TAA, EAA/NEAA had araised trend in bamboo vinegar group. Compared with the control group,3MHis in DON group and bamboo-carbon group were significantly decreased by38.68%,67.97%(P<0.05), respectively, and there was no significant difference in bamboo vinegar group (P>0.05). On d30of the experiment, compared with the control group,Ile, Val, Cys, Hyp,3MHis in DON group were significantly decreased by26.60%,25.96%,73.38%,44.61%,25.68%(P<0.05), respectively. His, Tyr, Asp in DON group were increased by21.72%,24.34%,36.68%(P>0.05), respectively. Compared with the control group, His,Ile, Val, Tyr, Asp, Hyp,3MHis in bamboo-carbon group were significantly decreased by32%,26.19%,31.79%,41.52%,41.41%,44.36%,19.67%(P<0.05), respectively;Ile, Val, Tyr in bamboo vinegar group were significantly decreased by31.48%,29.75%,37.53%(P<0.05), respectively, Asp, His were decreased by36.62%,19.14%(P>0.05), respectively, compared with the control group, Cys,3MHis in bamboo-carbon were increased by173.17%,8.82%(P>0.05), respectively; Hyp,3MHis Cys in bamboo vinegar group were increased by55.96%(P<0.05),26.47%(P<0.05),170.73%(P>0.05), respectively. On d37of the experiment, compared with the control group, Glu, Hyp in DON group were significantly increased (P<0.05); His,1MHis in bamboo-carbon group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); His, Orn,1MHis in bamboo vinegar group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), Hyp, Gln in bamboo vinegar group were significantly increased (P<0.05).6) The content of MDA in the DON group Significantly higher than control group, bamboo charcoal group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d15of the experiment(P>0.05). The activity of SOD in serum of DON group had a decreased significantly in control group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d30of the experiment(P>0.05).The activity of GSH-PX in serum of DON group had a decreased significantly in control group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d37of the experiment(P>0.05).There was no difference in T-AOC and CAT in the serum between DON group,bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group(P>0.05).7) Ileum villus height in the DON group had a decreased significantly in control group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d30of the experiment(P>0.05); jejunal crypt depth in the DON group Significantly higher than control group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group on d30of the experiment(P>0.05).There was no difference in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells in ileum and jejunal between DON group,bamboo charcoal group, bamboo vinegar group and control group(P>0.05). In conclusion,1) DON can reduce growth performance of weaner piglets, and the1%bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the weaner piglets from the injury of DON toxin.2) The effects of diets contaminated by DON are more obvious in the early growing period than those in the later growing period, and the possible reasons may be that the weaner piglets have certain tolerant ability to DON with the time increasing.3) DON can result in the toxicity such as blood cell count decrease, the GPT activity and UN content increase, and TP content decrease in serum. The2%bamboo-carbon and1%bamboo vinegar added in the diets can reverse the activity of GPT, the contents of UN and TP in serum to normal. It is concluded that the2%bamboo-carbon and1%bamboo vinegar can effectively adsorb DON toxin.4) Dietary supplementation with2%bamboo-carbon and1%bamboo vinegar could alleviate a part of serum free amino acids content decreased or significantly decreased by DON challenge in weaned piglets, the weaner piglets have certain tolerant ability to DON with the time increasing, dietary supplementation with bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar could give appropriate adjustment.5) Dietary supplementation with2%bamboo-carbon and1%bamboo vinegar could alleviate a part of oxidation resistance damage and the intestinal mucosal damage caused by DON challenge in weaned piglets, and could improve oxidation resistance, small intestinal morphology and absorption function to some extent. |
PDF Full Text Request