| There is no ideal anesthesia in minipigs. Ketamine has been administrated as a major component of most chemical restraint and anesthetic regimens in pigs because administration of the drug is considered relatively safe with minimum cardiopulmonary effects. However, when administrated alone, some undesirable effects such as muscle tonus, convulsion excessive, salivation or emergence delirium exists. A sedative-analgesic agent, the alpha-2agonist xylazine usually has been administrated in combination with ketamine to remove these disadvantages. Midazolam is a kind of new drugs which is only water-soluble benzodiazepines.With rapid onset, short half-life of elimination and few adverse reactions, midazolam can administrated by target controlled infusion or continuous infusion, without accumulation. We conbined ketamine with xylazine and midazolam and became a compound anesthetic agent—humianming II. The goal of this study was to identify the influence of intravenous infusion and intramuscular anesthesia by shuniaming II in six Guangxi bama minipigs. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate(RR), rectal temperature (RT), non-invasive arterial blood pressure (NABP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and the biochemical parameters were measured. The effectiveness of analgesia, sedation, muscular relaxation were also observed every five minutes. Induction time, duration of analgesia, anesthesia time and recovery time were recorded.The results showed that HR, RR, RT, NABP, SpO2and PETCO2with the intravenous infusion of Shumianning II were significantly different from these of the base value at some time points, but all parameters were in the normal physiologic range. Induction time was0.93±0.11min. Analgesic and immobilizing effects were good in minipigs. Analgesic time was62.2±7.1min. The recovery was fast and it only was19.8±5.9min. The basal value of rectal temperature was38.4±0.8℃, it decreased gradually after anesthesia, and the process of temperature was stable. After the drug was injected, heart rate slightly increased and then decreased gradually. SpO2at some time points was significantly lower than the base value, which was lower than the normal physiologic range. In the biochemical parameters, cardiovascular and blood chemistry effects was small. Induction time was quick, duration of analgesia was long and smooth, and recovery time was smooth and quick.The pharmacokinetics of Shumianning II showed that, the plasma concentration of Shumianning II decreased significantly at1～10min after intravenous infusion compared with that of the basal values,, but the plasma concentration was stable in the period of anesthesia, in the range of0.125～8μg· mL-1, linear regression of ketamine is y=405840x+32821, R2=0.9990; in the range of0.015625-1μg· mL-1, linear regression of xylazine is y=136x+12774, R2=0.9952; in the range of0.015625～1μg· mL-1, linear regression of midazolam is y=106x-20579, R2=0.99It was concluded that after intramuscular injection of Shumianning II in bama minipigs, induction time is smooth (2.77±0.49min), slightly longer than that in intravenous infusion. The base value of heart rate is90.3±7.4b·m-1,1min after administration, it increased to104.8±11.7b·m-1, and then decreased slowly. There were some changes of physiological indices, such as RR, NABP and PETCO2, which still were in the normal physiological range. Stage of surgical anesthesia was long, recovery was relatively slow but stable, and no obvious side effect. |
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