The Construction Of Personality Model For Civil Aviation Pilots And Flight Attendants

With the rapid development of aviation industry, more pilots and flight attendants areneeded. The pilots and the flight attendants are crucial for the security and quality of theairlines, which can be considered as the soul and directly related to the interests of theairlines. However, how to select good pilots and flight attendants? The psychologicalquality is a key factor in the process of talent selection and the personality characteristicsis a very important indicator to determine whether the pilots and the flight attendants arefit for the jobs. This research mainly is divided into two parts.Part I：The construction of personality model for civil aviation pilots Objective: To study the personality characteristics of the civil aviation pilots, andconstruct personality model for pilots in order to provide theoretical basis and technicalsupport for the selection.Method: Do16PF test for pilots selecting completely random design of sampling method,and using DXC－6Multiple Group Psychological Evaluation Instrument, which thecomputer play the instructions and questions，and record the answer of participants.Results:(1) One sample t-test is carried out by using original scores of each factor in16PFwith the original norm for pilots and the significant differences (P<0.05) is existed in thefollowing14factors: Reasoning, Emotional Stability, Dominance, Liveliness,Rule-consciousness, Social Boldness, Sensitivity, Vigilance, Abstractedness, Privateness,Apprehension, Self-reliance, Perfectionism, and Tension. One sample t-test is carried outby using time scores for pilots in16PF with the original norm and the significantdifferences (P<0.05) is existed in the following10factors: Warmth, Reasoning,Emotional Stability, Rule-consciousness, Abstractedness, Privateness, Apprehension,Openness to Change, Self-reliance, Perfectionism.(2) The homogeneity reliability (Cronbach alpha) is between0.50~0.81, Split-halfreliability is between0.53~0.80, and the correlation coefficient between factors is between0.00~0.59, most of which is below average.(3) There is a significant difference(P<0.05) existed in the following14factorsbetween excellent pilot group and general pilot group: Emotional Stability, Dominance,Liveliness, Rule-consciousness, Social Boldness, Apprehension, Self-reliance, Tension,Adaptation and anxiety, Introversion and extraversion, Impetuous action and undisturbedintellect, Mental health factor, Personality of professional achievements and Personality ofhigh creativity.(4) The two groups are done step-by-step difference analysis by standard score ofeach factor in16PF, and eight variables including Liveliness, Social Boldness, Sensitivity,Vigilance, Apprehension, Self-Reliance, Perfectionism and Tension are carried into thediscriminant equation. The discriminant coefficient is﹣0.278,0.176,0.345,0.216,0.266, ﹣0.140,﹣0.283,0.172, the constant term is﹣2.652, boundary value C=﹣0.519.(5)8factors are ectracted during the factor analysis, and the characteristic values are3.660，2.248，1.192，1.154，1.087，0.996，0.955，0.790，the explained variance are22.88%，14.05%，7.45%，7.22%，6.79%，6.23%，5.97%，4.94%，the cumulative explainedvariance is75.51%.Conclusion:(1) The reliability and validity of the16PF for pilots is well.(2) It’s necessary for pilots to have the listing personality characteristics: emotionalstability, independence, self-confidence, reason, easygoing, self-discipline andresponsibility. Whereas the excellent pilots always show features such as emotionalstability, outgoing personality, psychological health, high toughness, high professionalachievements.(3) The function which distinguish from excellent pilots and general pilots isY=﹣0.278F+0.176H+0.345I+0.216L+0.266O﹣0.14Q2﹣0.283Q3+0.172Q4﹣2.652When Y≤﹣0.519, the one could be judged as excellent pilot; When Y>﹣0.519, theone could be judged as general pilot.(4) The personality model of civil aviation pilots is considered as Eight Factor Modelbased on the16PF.Part Ⅱ：The construction of personality model for the flight attendantsObjective: To study the personality characteristics of the flight attendants and establishthe corresponding personality model, in order to provide theoretical basis for the selectionand technical support.Method: Do16PF test for flight attendants selecting completely random design ofsampling method and using DXC－6Multiple Group Psychological EvaluationInstrument, which the computer play the instructions and questions，and record theanswer of participants.Results:(1) One sample t-test is carried out by using original scores of each factor in16PFwith the original norm for flight attendants and the significant differences (P<0.05) is existed in14factors in addition to Dominance and Privateness.(2) Independent sample t-test is carried out by using original scores in16PF for maleand female flight attendants. The results show that the significant differences(P<0.05) isexisted in the following4factors: Warmth, Sensitivity, Abstractedness and Apprehension,which the scores of the female are higher than the male.(3) One sample t-test is carried out by using time scores for flight attendants in16PFwith the original norm and the significant differences (P<0.05) are existed in thefollowing5factors: Sensitivity, Abstractedness, Privateness, Openness to change andTension.(4) The homogeneity reliability is between0.60~0.81, the split-half reliability isbetween0.63~0.85, the correlation coefficient is between0.00~0.60, most of which isbelow average.(5) There is a significant difference (P<0.05) existed in the following10factorbetween excellent flight attendants and general flight attendants: Warmth, EmotionalStability, Liveliness, Rule-consciousness, Vigilance, Abstractedness, Perfectionism,Tension, Personality of professional achievements and Adapt oneself to circumstancesfactor, whereas the scores of the excellent flight attendants are higher than the generalones in the following7factors: Warmth, Emotional Stability, Rule-consciousness,Vigilance, Perfectionism, Personality of professional achievements and Adapt oneself tocircumstances factor.(6) After the step-by-step difference analysis,3variables including ReasoningRule-consciousness and Self-Reliance are carried into the discriminant equation. Thediscriminant coefficient is﹣0.341,﹣0.488，0.404, the constant term is﹣1.254,boundary value C is﹣0.325.(7) After the factor analysis, the personality structure of flight attendants isconsidered as eight-factor model and the eight common factor characteristic values are3.866,1.900,1.419,1.235,1.026,0.975,0.794,0.778, the explained variance were24.16%，11.88%，8.87%，7.72%，6.41%，6.09%，4.96%，4.86%，the cumulative explainedvariance is74.96%. Conclusion:(1) The reliability and validity of the16PF for flight attendants is well.(2) The flight attendants show the follow personality characteristics: easygoing,emotional stability, responsibility, self-discipline and delicate feeling. The Warmth,Sensitivity, Abstractedness, Apprehension vary according the gender and the female showmore personality characteristics like easygoing and delicate feeling compared to the male.(3) It’s necessary for the excellent flight attendants to have the following personalitycharacteristics: outgoing, enthusiasm, emotional stability, easy-going, self-discipline,persistence, high professional achievement, and strong environmental suitability.(4) The function which distinguish from excellent flight attendants and general flightattendants is:Y=﹣0.341B﹣0.488G+0.404Q2﹣1.254When Y≤﹣0.325, the one could be judged as excellent flight attendant; when Y>﹣0.325, the one could be judged as general flight attendant.(5) The personality model of civil aviation flight attendants is considered as EightFactor Model based on the16PF.